English FAN: 2019-02-24

Saturday, March 2, 2019

【CP+2019】iPhoneでプロフェッショナルなマクロ撮影や広角撮影ができる6眼レンズ

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SHIFTCAM 2.0は、6眼レンズセット（トラベルセット）やプロ仕様の大型レンズがマウントできるiPhoneケース。背面が2カメラになったiPhone Xに対応し、3×2列の ...
March 03, 2019 at 09:00AM

NTTドコモ、機種変更が税込5400円OFFになる限定クーポンを配布中！店頭や公式オンラインストアで ...

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店頭や公式オンラインストアで使え、iPhone XR・XS・XS MaxやPixel 3 XL、Xperia ... 利用期間は2019年3月31日（日）23：59までで、対象機種は「iPhone XR」 ...
March 03, 2019 at 06:22AM

2019-03-01 01:02:12 UTC M5.8 MACQUARIE ISLAND REGION Depth:10 Km 1751

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Distances. 1751 km SW of Wellington, New Zealand / pop: 382,000 / local time: 14:02:12.0 2019-03-01 989 km SW of Invercargill, New Zealand / pop: ...
March 03, 2019 at 02:04AM

2019-03-01 00:15:23 UTC M3.1 OKLAHOMA F Depth:5 Km 334 km

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Macroseismic Intensity, F Effects: Felt. Distances. 334 km N of Dallas, United States / pop: 1,198,000 / local time: 18:15:23.3 2019-02-28 30 km N of ...
March 03, 2019 at 02:04AM

Trump, on CPAC stage with Berkeley assault victim, promises executive order on campus free speech

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Trump, on CPAC stage with Berkeley assault victim, promises executive order on campus free speech President Trump announced Saturday that he will sign an executive order to promote free speech on college campuses.
March 03, 2019 at 05:28AM

2019-03-01 05:44:25 utc m4.0 near the coast of gujarat, india f

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Macroseismic Intensity, F Effects: Felt. Distances. 103 km W of Nāsik, India / pop: 1,290,000 / local time: 11:14:25.9 2019-03-01 21 km SW of Silvassa, ...
March 03, 2019 at 02:04AM

2019-03-01 04:56:46 UTC M4.7 SOUTH AFRICA F Depth:10 Km 15

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Macroseismic Intensity, F Effects: Felt. Distances. 15 km W of Soweto, South Africa / pop: 1,696,000 / local time: 06:56:46.2 2019-03-01 8 km S of ...
March 03, 2019 at 02:03AM

Notable Old Shirburnians born in the 19th century

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Notable Old Shirburnians born in the 19th century

Fuseemusee: add new article from existing link

Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
The following notable old boys of [[Sherborne School]] were born in the 19th century.<ref name="auto"></ref>



==19th century==
*[[Medlycott baronets|Sir William Coles Medlycott, 2nd Bt]], (1806–1882), son of [[Medlycott baronets|Sir William Coles Medlycott]], 1st Bt, of [[Ven House]] in Somerset, succeeded as 2nd Baronet 1835.

*Rev Prof [[Philip Kelland]] PRSE FRS (1808-1879), son of Rev William Kelland of Landcross, Bideford, English mathematician.

==1810s==
*[[William Fitzherbert (New Zealand politician)|Sir William Fitzherbert]] KCMG (1810-1891), son of Rev Samuel Fitzherbert, [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], Speaker of the House of Representatives, New Zealand.

*Lt-Col Charles Grant Becher (1811-1859), son of Charles Becher, Cuttack, East Indies, died on active service in the [[Indian Mutiny]].

*[[Harry Grey, 8th Earl of Stamford|Harry, Earl of Stamford]], (1812-1890), son of Rev Harry Grey, English peer.

*[[William Forsyth (barrister)]] [[Queen's Counsel|QC]] (1812–1899), son of Thomas Forsyth of Renfrewshire, [[barrister|lawyer]] and [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]][[Member of Parliament|MP]].

*[[John Mason Neale]], (1818-1866), Anglican priest, scholar and hymnwriter.

*[[Edmund Chisholm Batten]], FRSE (1817-1897), son of John Batten of Yeovil, Dorset, antiquarian and author of legal treatises.

*Charles Robert Cattley, (1817–1855), son of Robert Cattley of St Petersburg, Russia, diplomatist and intelligence officer in the Crimea.

*[[Nugent baronets|Sir John Nugent Humble Bt]], (1818–1886), son of Sir John Nugent Humble Bt of Waterford, [[Christ Church, Oxford]], succeeded as 2nd Baronet 1834.

*[[Baxter Langley]], (1819-1892), radical political activist and newspaper editor.

*Michael Ferrebee Sadler, (1819-1895), son of Benjamin Sadler of New Laiths, Leeds, [[St John's College, Cambridge]], offered the bishopric of Montreal but refused it on medical advice, a voluminous writer on theological subjects.

==1820s==
*[[Mountague Bernard]] (1820-1882), son of Charles Bernard of Jamaica and Tibberton Court, Gloucestershire, [[Trinity College, Oxford]], English international lawyer, one of the Royal Commission appointed to arrange Treaty with USA.

*Charles William Dare, (d1898), son of Charles Dare of North Curry, Barrister [[Middle Temple]], father of [[Charles Dare (Royal Navy officer)|Admiral Sir Charles Holcombe Dare]]

*[[Henry Douglas (bishop)]], (1821-1875), son of Henry Alexander Douglas, [[Balliol College, Oxford]], third Bishop of Bombay.

*Woodforde Ffooks MA JP, [[Exeter College, Oxford]], [[Inner Temple]], County Court Judge.

*[[George Tottenham]] [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)|MA]] (1825-1911), son of [[Robert Ponsonby Tottenham Loftus|Lord Robert Ponsonby Tottenham Loftus]], [[Dean of Clogher]] from 1900 to 1903.

*Charles Hathaway, BS, MRCS, MD, Inspector-General of Prisons for the Punjab, Private Secretary to [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence]], Viceroy of India.

*Stephen Thomas Hawtrey, [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] Master at Eton College, Founder and Warden of St.Mark's School, Windsor;

*[[George Ashley Maude|Colonel Sir George Ashley Maude]] KCB, son of Hon. and Rev. J. C. Maude, Enniskillen, Ireland, Crown Equerry of the Royal Mews in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom 1859–1894.

*Beverley Robinson Morris, MA and MD of [[Trinity College, Dublin]], physician, founded a Hospital for Women and Children in Nottingham, author of ''British Game Birds and Wildfowl''.

*Thomas Englesby Rogers, son of F. Rogers of Yarlington, Dorset Fellow of [[Christ Church, Oxford]], Barrister [[Lincoln's Inn]], Chancellor of the Diocese of Bath and Wells, author of ''A Tempest in a Teapot''.

*Brig-General William Thomas Williams,_son of Thomas Williams of Kingston Russell, Dorchester, Madras Army Officer.

*Francis Woodforde, MD, son of Francis Woodforde of Ansford, Somerset, solicitor, made a large collection of birds which was left to various museums. A cousin of the author of ''The Diary of a Country Parson''.

*Lt-General Cornwallis Oswald Maude, Deputy Judge Advocate General, Bombay.

*Henry Arnould Olivier, son of Lieut-Colonel Olivier of Potterne, Wilts, [[Balliol College, Oxford]], Chaplain of Holy Trinity, Nice, father of [[Herbert Arnould Olivier]]

*[[George Tottenham]] son of Lord Robert Ponsonby Tottenham Loftus, Bishop of Clogher, Canon of St Patrick's, Dublin, Dean of Clogher.

*[[D'Oyly baronets|Maj General Sir Charles Walters D'Oyly]] Bt, son of Sir John Hadley D'Oyly Bt of Steepleton House, Blandford, ADC to Governor General of India, succeeded to Baronetcy 1869.

*[[Sir Thomas Grove, 1st Baronet]] JP DL, (1823-1897), son of Thomas Grove of Ferne, Wilts, MP for South Wilts, High Sheriff, created a baronet 1874.

*Arthur Raby, (1823- ), son of A. T. Raby of Wells, British Vice-Consul at Alexandretta, in charge of the Consulate of the Dardanelles, Acting Consul at Galatz, Consul at Jeddah.

*Henry Hall Houghton, son of J. Houghton of Dublin, Pembroke College, Oxford, Joint Founder (with Rev. J H Cardew) of the Houghton and Cardew Prizes for Divinity, Joint Founder (with Canon Hall) of the Hall and Hall-Houghton Prizes in the University of Oxford.

*Francis Henry Lascelles, [[Trinity Hall, Cambridge]], Barrister [[Inner Temple]], author of ''Horse Warranty, The Law Relating to the Purchase, Sale, Letting and Hiring of Horses, and the Rights and Liabilities of Innkeepers, Livery Stable Keepers and Others, Using Horses: With Hints as to Procedure in Cases of Dispute.''

*[[William Ellis Metford]], son of Dr William Metford of Flook House, civil engineer, designed the Metford rifling used in the .303 calibre Lee–Metford and Martini–Metford service rifles in the late 19th century.

*Lt-General James Kempt Couper, son of [[Couper baronets|Col. Sir George Couper]] Bt of Lowndes Square, London, Officer in the Bengal Army .

*[[Thomas Douglas Forsyth|Sir Thomas Douglas Forsyth]], (1827-1886), son of Thomas Forsyth of Birchfield, Liverpool, an Anglo-Indian administrator and diplomat.

*Robert Holme, Fellow of [[Christ Church, Cambridge]], Headmaster of Greenwich Hospital School, Headmaster of schools in Brighton and Blackheath.

*Charles D'Urban Morris, son of Rear-Admiral. H G Morris of Charmouth, [[Worcester College, Oxford]], Fellow of [[Oriel College, Oxford]], Professor of Greek and Latin, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, author of ''A Compendious Grammar of Attic Greek'', ''An Introduction to the Latin Language'' and other works.

*Major-General Robert Alexander Morse, commanded a siege train under [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn]].

*Swinburne Fitz-Hardinge Berkeley, son of [[Grantley Berkeley|Hon Grantley Fitz-Hardinge Berkeley]] MP, Christchurch, Hants.

*Ramsay Hamilton Couper, son of [[Couper baronets|Col Sir George Couper Bt]] of London, War Office.

*Major-General John Jago-Trelawney, son of Mrs. Jago, Plymouth.

*[[Henry Raby|Rear-Admiral Henry James Raby]], VC CB (1827-1907), son of A T Raby of Wells, Royal Naval Officer and recipient of the Victoria Cross.

*Lt-General Douglas Gordon Seafield St John Grant, son of Mr Grant of Castle Cary, Somerset, Indian Army Officer.

*John Hawkes, (d1904) MRCS MD, [[St. Andrew's University]], Wix Prizeman, St Bart's Hospital, author of ''Tumours of the Brain.''

*Lt-General Shurlock Henning CB JP, son of W. L.Henning of Dorchester, commanded 26th (Cameronians) in Abyssinian War.

*Colonel William Hicks Slade, son of [[Sir John Slade, 1st Baronet|General Sir John Slade]] of Bridgwater; with 6th Dragoons in Crimea, with 7th Hussars in Indian Mutiny.

==1830s==
*Admiral James George Mead RN, (1834-1913), son of John Mead of Weymouth, served in the Crimean War under Lord Lyons.

*Major-Gen. Thomas James Maclachlan (d1891), Army Officer, Central Indian Campaign 1857-1858.

*John Gould Lakes,(1834-1900), son of Rev John Lakes of Sherborne, Indian Navy, engaged in suppression of the slave trade on E. coast of Africa, author of ''With the Governor-in-Chief on W. Coast of Africa, 1870-71'', and ''Reminiscences of Running the Blockade in 1864.''

*Major-General Walter Newman (1836-1984) , son of E. Newman of Yeovil, Army Officer in Indian Mutiny and Egyptian War.

*George Stickland Criswick, (1836-1916), son of Mr Criswick of Sherborne, on the permanent staff at Greenwich Observatory, in charge of the Astrographic Telescope until 1896.

*Arthur Bevan Collier, (1832-1908), son of John Collier MP of Plymouth, artist, exhibited at the Royal Academy 1855-1899, British Institution and the Society of British Artist.

*[[Lewis Morris (1833–1907)|Sir Lewis Morris]], (1833-1907), son of Lewis Edward William Morris, a Welsh academic and politician, also a popular poet of the Anglo-Welsh school.

*Major-General Charles Brodie Penny, (1834-1902), son of C. Penny of Weymouth, Army Officer.

*Lt Colonel Alfred Wyndham, son of Capt Alexander Wyndham of West Lodge, Blandford, emigrated to Canada, Commanded 12th Battalion of the York Rangers in the North West Rebellion of 1885, artist.

*Colonel Cecil Beadon (1838-1913), son of [[Sir Cecil Beadon]], Royal Navy, Madras Cavalry, Assistant Commissioner, Punjab.

*[[Kay baronets|Sir William Algernon Kay Bt]], (1837-1914), son of Sir Brook Kay Bt o, Sherborne, succeeded to baronetcy 1907, gained the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in the 68th Regiment.

*Lt-Col George Tennant Carré, son of C. Carré of Paris, Army Officer, New Zealand War, Afghan War, Mahsud Waziri Exped, Egyptian War, Tel-el-kebir, Burmese Expedition.

*Colonel Henry Albany Hammond, son of Major T. J. Hammond of Sherborne, Inspector General of Police in the Central Provinces, India, brother of Colonel Sir Arthur George Hammond VC KCB DSO.

*Sir Charles Bradley Pritchard, (1837–1903), eldest son of Rev [[Charles Pritchard]] Professor of Astronomy, Oxford administrator in India.

*Major-General Charles Herbert Bergman, (b1838), son of John George Bergman of Sherborne, Army Officer in Bengal Infantry.

*Fitzroy Maclean Henry Somerset, son of [[Henry Somerset (British Army officer)|Lieutenant General Sir Henry Somerset]] and grandson of [[Lord Charles Somerset]], [[Oriel College, Oxford]], [[Lincoln's Inn]] Chief of Police at Hanover, Cape Province, South Africa.

*[[Charles Edmondes|Charles Gresford Edmondes]], (1838–1893), son of Rev Thomas Edmondes of Llanblethian, Professor of Classics, archdeacon and college principal.

*Zachary Edwards, (1838-1909), son of Rev Zachary John Edwards of Chipstable [[Wadham College, Oxford]], [[Barrister Lincoln's Inn]], Mayor of [[Lyme Regis]], author of ''Primitiae'', ''Avilion & Other Poems'' and other works.

==1840s==
*[[Thomas Stevens (bishop)|Thomas Stevens]], DD FSA, (1841-1920), son of Thomas Ogden Stevens of Salisbury, Anglican bishop, the first Bishop of Barking.

*[[Arthur George Hammond|Colonel Sir Arthur George Hammond]], VC, KCB, DSO, (1843-1919), son of Major T J Hammond of Sherborne, Dorset, Army Officer, recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

*[[Nathaniel Highmore (barrister)|Sir Nathaniel Joseph Highmore]] GBE KCB (1844-1924), son of Dr William Highmore of Sherborne, Dorset, Barrister [[Middle Temple]], Solicitor for H M Customs, Secretary to War Trade Dept, author of several works on Revenue Law.

*Walter Buckler Lethbridge, (1845-1907), son of [[Lethbridge baronets|Sir John Hesketh Lethbridge]] 3rd Bt, of Weymouth, awarded the Knight of the Order of Charles III of Spain.

*[[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Cl%C3%A9ment_Bertram|Sir George Clément Bertram]], son of George Bertram of St Heliers, Jersey, [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], Barrister [[Inner Temple]], Attorney-General for Jersey, Bailiff of Jersey.

*Arthur Noel Malan, BA MA (1946-1933), son of the Rev Dr S C Malan of Broadwindsor, [[Oriel College, Oxford]] Headmaster of Eagle House School, Wimbledon, author of educational works and tales for boys.

*[[Ernest Hartley Coleridge]] (1846–1920), son of Rev Preb [[Derwent Coleridge]] and grandson of [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], a British literary scholar and poet.

*[[Thomas Buchanan (Liberal politician)|Thomas Ryburn Buchanan]], PC FRSE (1846-1911), son of John Buchanan of Glasgow, a Scottish Liberal politician and bibliophile.

*Alexander Monro, (1847-1916), son of H. Monro of Portland, Australia; [[Oriel College, Oxford]], Barrister [[Inner Temple]] Inspector-General of Education, Central Provinces, India, Acting-Director of Public Instruction, Madras, Mayor of Godalming.

==1850s==
*Brigadier-General Sir Edward Raban, CB KCB KBE (1850-1927), on staff of Lord French 1916-1917.

*[[Godfrey Yeatman Lagden|Sir Godfrey Yeatman Lagden]] KCMG KBE (1851-1934), a British colonial administrator in Africa.

*Ernest Harrold Fenn, son of T H Fenn of Nayland, Colchester, Staff-Surgeon to [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston]], Viceroy of India

*Sir Alexander Keith Carlyon, son of Rev P Carlyon of Widdecombe, Devon, Barrister [[Lincoln's Inn]], High Sheriff of Middlesex.

*Sir William Henry Beaumont, son of Col Henry Beaumont of Sherborne, appointed as chairman of the Natives Land Commission (which subsequently became known as the Beaumont Commission) by Prime Minister [[Louis Botha]].

*Charles William Dunbar-Buller, JP DL, (d1924) son of Rev. W. Buller of Pelynt, Cornwall, Fellow of [[All Souls College, Oxford]], Barrister [[Middle Temple]].

*George Crispo-Barbaro St George, son of 4th Marquis of St. George (Marchesi di San Giorgio) of Malta, Governor of Malta Civil Prisons, Member of Council of Government, author of ''The Birds Of Malta: With Their Maltese, Systematic, Italian And English Names And Season.''

*Rev Dr Charles Coverdale Tancock, son of Rev 0 J Tancock of Tavistock, Devon, [[Exeter College Oxford]], Assistant Master at Charterhouse, Headmaster of Rossall School, Head-master of Tonbridge School, Hon Canon of Rochester.

*John Bain, son of Joseph Bain of Sherborne, [[New College, Oxford]], Barrister [[Lincoln's Inn]], Master at Marlborough College, a classicist and master in charge of the Army Class, himself something of a poet.

*Samuel Wyndham Fitzherbert, (1854-1916), son of Rev Thomas Fitzherbert of Marston Magna, Sherborne [[Trinity Hall, Cambridge]], author of ''The Book of the Wild Garden'', father of [[Herbert Fitzherbert|Sir Herbert Fitzherbert]].

*Henry Tryon, (1856-1943), Chief Government Entomologist of Queensland, Founding secretary of the Royal Society of Queensland, the Queensland fruit-fly ''Dacus tryoni'' was named after him.

*[[Arthur Younghusband]]] (1854-1931), son of Lieutenant-General Robert Romer Younghusband, British civil servant of the Raj.

*Philip Arthur Ashworth, BA MA LLD (1853-1921), son of Rev John Ashworth Ashworth MA of Didcot Rectory, Berks, [[New College, Oxford]] [[Universities of Bonn and Leipzig]], [[University of Wurzburg]]. Barrister-at-law, [[Inner Temple]], edited 3 editions of [[Thomas Pitt Taswell-Langmead|Taswell-Langmead]]'s ''Constitutional History of England'', translated [[Rudolf von Gneist|Gneist]]'s ''History of the English Constitution'' and other works, on staff of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Married Emma, Baroness von Estorff.

*[[Henry Brougham Guppy]], FRS FRSE FLS (1854-1926), British surgeon, geologist, botanist and photographer, awarded the Linnean Medal in 1917.

*Henry Ashworth Ashworth, BA, (1854-1908), son of Rev John Ashworth Ashworth MA of Didcot Rectory, Berks and brother of [[Philip Arthur Ashworth]], [[University College, Oxford]].

*William Warry, (1854-1937), son of William Warry of Lymington, [[Exeter College, Oxford]], interpreter in Civil Service, translator of Pekin Gazette, Adviser on Chinese Affairs to Government of Burma.

*[[Marquess of Ely|Lord John Henry Loftus]], (1851–1925), 5th Earl of Ely, 5th Viscount Loftus, 5th Baron Loftus, son of Rev the Lord Adam Loftus of Loftus Hall, Wexford.

*Brigadier Ralph Chaffey, CBE VD, (1856-1925), son. of Major E. Chaffey of Somterton, ADC to Governor General of New Zealand, presented VC to [[Henry James Nicholas]]'s mother in 1919.

*Charles Buller Granville Cole, (1854-1901), son of Sir [[Henry Cole]], of South Kensington Museum, patented a new or improved secondary battery in 1882.

*Lt-Colonel Dr William Collier, MD FRCP (1856-1935), son of H. Collier of Stapleford, Cambridge, [[Jesus College, Cambridge]], Vice-President and Consulting Physician to [[Radcliffe Infirmary]], Oxford, President of [[British Medical Association]].

*Vice-Admiral Sir Arthur William May, MRCS LRCP KHP KCB FRCS DL, (1854-1925), son of Rev H T May of Launceston, Surgeon Vice-Admiral RN.

*Sir Edward William Wallington, KCVO GCVO (1854-1933), son of Colonel Sir John Wallington of Trowbridge, [[Oriel College, Oxford]], private secretary to Governor of New South Wales (Lord Carrington); to Governors of Victoria (Lord Hopetoun and Lord Brassey); to-Governors of South Australia (Sir T. F.Buxton and Lord Tennyson), to Governor-General of Australia (Lord Linlithgow, Groom of the Bedchamber to Prince of Wales, Groom-in-Waiting to the King, Private Secretary to the Queen, Treasurer to the Queen.

*Major Humphrey Martin Twynam, DSO, (1858-1913), Thomas Twynam, of Fair Oak, Hampshire, For very·gallant action in the Afghan War he was recommended for, but did not receive, the Victoria Cross.

*[[Arthur Upcott]], DD, MA (1857-1922), son of J. S. Upcott of Cullompton, an Anglican priest and educationalist.

*[[Henry Whitehead (bishop)|Henry Whitehead]] DD CBE, (1853-1947), Bishop of Madras, Fellow of [[Trinity College, Oxford]], author of ''Christ in the Indian Villages.''

*Surg-General Sir Richard William Ford, MRCS DDMS DSO KCMG (1857-1925), son of R W Ford of Portsmouth, British army surgeon.

*[[Francis William Galpin]] FLS DLitt, (1858-1945), son of John Galpin of Dorchester, English cleric and antiquarian musicologist.

*[[Henry Henn]], (1858-1931), son of Professor T R Henn of Kildysart QC of co Clare, Bishop of Burnley.

*Colonel Rolland Frederick Hart Anderson, (1859-1937), son of Major-General Anderson of Poole, Indian Army Officer, Deputy Judge Advocate-General, Secunderabad.

*Major-General Godfrey Williams, CB KCIE DL JP, (1859-1940) son of W Addams Williams, British army officer.

==1860s==
*[[Francis George Hall]], (1860-1901), son of Lieutenant-Colonel E. Hall of Bruton, Somerset, British administrator in East Africa.

*[[Sir Charles Monro, 1st Baronet|General Sir Charles Carmichael Monro Bt]], GCB, GCSI, GCMG (1860-1929) son of Henry Monro of Portland, Australia, senior British Army officer, Commander-in-Chief of India, Governor of Gibraltar.

*Arthur John Galpin, son of John Galpin of Dorchester and brother of [[Francis William Galpin]], [[Trinity College, Oxford]], Private Secretary to Marquis of Lansdowne, Governor-General of Canada, Headmaster, [[King's School, Canterbury]].

*[[Francis Lacey|Sir Francis Eden Lacey]] (1859-1946), son of W C Lacey of Wareham, Barrister and First Class Cricketer.

*Brig-General Gilbert Boys Smith, (d1937) son of Rev G E Smith of Somerton.

*[[James Hodsdon|Sir James William Beeman Hodsdon]], KBE PRCSE (1858-1928), son Adelaide Horne Ingham of Hamilton, Bermuda, eminent surgeon, president of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

*[[E. W. Bastard|Edward William Bastard]], (1862-1901), son of Rev Henry Horlock Bastard of Taunton, English first-class cricketer who played for Oxford University and Somerset.

*Lt-Col Henry Richard Beadon Donne, (1860-1949) CB CMG, son of B J M Donne of Torquay, British army officer and artist.

*Lt-Col Gerard Chichester, son of [[Chichester baronets|Sir Arthur Chichester]] Bt of Youlston, Barnstaple, British army officer.

*Brig-General Charles Pears Fendall, DSO CMG CB, (1860-1933), son of Rev C B Fendall of Windlesham, Surrey, British army officer.

*Sir (Harrington) Verney Lovett, (1864-1945), KCSI FRHS, son of Rev R. Lovett of Torquay; Member of the Viceroy's Imperial Legislative Council, author of ''A History of the Indian Nationalist Movement'', contributed 10 chapters to Cambridge History of India.

*[[Herbert Arnould Olivier]], (1861-1952), son of Rev. H. A. Olivier of Potterne, Wiltshire, and uncle to [[Laurence Olivier]], British artist known for his portrait and landscape paintings.

*Major-General Christopher Reginald Buckle, CB CMG (1862-), son of C R Buckle of Chichester, British army officer awarded Legion d'Honneur, Crown of Italy, Military Order of Savoy, Order of Leopold, Croix de Guerre.

*[[Claud Jacob|Field Marshall Sir Claud William Jacob]], GCB, GCSI, KCMG, (1863-1948), son of Major-Gereral W Jacob of Tavistock, British Indian Army officer.

*[[Alfred North Whitehead]], OM FRS FBA (1861-1947), son of Rev Arthur Whitehead of Thanet, English mathematician and philosopher.

*[[Francis John Lys]], (1863–1947), son of F D Lys of Bere Regis, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University.

*[[Henry Stanhope Sloman|Brigadier General Henry Stanhope Sloman]], CMG, DSO, (1861–1945), son of Major J Sloman of Taunton, senior British Army officer during the First World War.

*[[Hugh Vincent|Sir Hugh Corbet Vincent]], son of Rev James Crawley Vincent of Upper Bangor, solicitor and rugby union player.

*Major-General Arthur Le Grand Jacob, CB CMG CIE CBE DSO (1867-1942), son of Major-General William Jacob and brother of [[Claud Jacob|Field Marshall Sir Claud William Jacob]], British Army officer and ADC to King George V.

*Sir Randle Fynes Wilson Holme, (1864-1957), son of J W Holme of london, 1878, explorer, solicitor, President of the Law Society, author of English versions of Wagner's Nibelungen Ring and Parsifal.

*[[Ernest Money|Brigadier-General Ernest Douglas Money]] CIE CVO DSO, (1866-1952), son of Major-General R C Money of Sherborne, a senior British Indian Army officer.

*Richard Henry Holmes a'Court, (1866-1930), son of the Hon William Leonard Holmes A'Court of Heytesbury, Wiltshire.

*John Gilberfield Adamson, (1865-1918), son of Sir William Adamson of Highate, artist, exhibited at R.A. and Paris Salon.

*Arthur Duncan Champion, (1865-son of Major-General James Hyde Champion of London and brother of [[Henry Hyde Champion]], captain 21st Lancers 92, ADC to Governor of Trinidad.

*[[Arthur Waugh]], (1866-1943), son of Alexander Waugh MD of Midsomer Norton, Bath, publisher, the father of the authors [[Alec Waugh]] and [[Evelyn Waugh]].

*Charles Holmes a'Court, (1868-1922), son of the Hon William Leonard Holmes A'Court of Heytesbury, Wiltshire.

*Percy Warner James Buckman, RMS, (1865-1948), son of Professor James Buckman of Bradford Abbas, Dorset, artist, studied art at the Royal Academy schools and exhibited there from 1886-193, landscape and portrait painter. He was elected to the Royal Society of Miniature Painters (RMS), Professor of Life-drawing at Goldsmiths' College.

*[[Frank Bennett (scholar)|Frank Selwyn Macaulay Bennett]], (1866-1947), son of H E Bennett of Sparkford, a reforming Dean of Chester, Anglican scholar and author.

*Harold Edward Gorst, (1868-1950), son of the Rt Hon Sir [[John Eldon Gorst]] MP of Cambridge, and brother of [[Eldon Gorst]], Parliamentary Correspondent and author of eleven works of fiction.

*Lt General Edward James Stroud, CB CMG, (1867-1935), son of Rev J. Stroud of Crewkerne, British Army officer, commanded 2nd Brigade RND at Gallipoli, Military Governor of Lemnos.

*[[Prevost baronets|Sir Charles Thomas Keble Prevost]] Bt, (1866-1939), son of Lr-Colonel Sir Charles Prevost Bt of Abbey Grange, Street, [[Keble College, Oxford]], British Army officer in 60th Rifles, succeeded father as Fourth Baronet 1902.

*Robert Leslie Romer, MRCS LRCP, (1865-1935), son of Rt Hon Sir [[Robert Romer]] and brother of [[Mark Romer, Baron Romer]], doctor, surgeon and leading medical officer and author.

*John Henry Bryant, MRCS (1867-1906), son of William Mead Bryant of Ilminster, doctor, won Beaney Prize and treasurer's gold medals for medicine and surgery, first class honours and first-class honours in forensic medicine.

*[[Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe|Charles Bathurst, Viscount Bledisloe]], FSA KBE PC GCMG, (1867-1958), son of Charles Bathurst of Lydney Park, Gloucestershire, Barrister, British Conservative politician and Governor-General of New Zealand.

*Lawrence Stephenson Edward Koe, (1868-1913), son of Stephen Koe of Brighton, artist and sculptor, exhibited over twenty times at The Royal Academy.

*[[Evan Cotton|Sir Harry Evan Auguste Cotton]], CIE (1868-1939), son of [[Henry Cotton (Liberal MP)|Sir Henry John Stedman Cotton]], a Liberal politician, barrister, administrator, journalist, historian and writer.

*Sir Evan Maconochie, CIE KCIE, (1868-1927), son of A. Maconochie of London, Under-Secretary to Government of India, author of ''Life in the Indian Civil Service.''

*[[Cecil Cochrane|Sir Cecil Algernon Cochrane]] (1869-1960), son of William Cochrane, British Liberal Party politician.

*Clyde Harold van Straubenzee, (1869-), son of Lt-Colonel Frederick van Straubenzee, doctor, actor (as Clyde Meynell) and theatrical manager.

*[[Reginald Applin|Lieutenant-Colonel Reginald Vincent Kempenfelt Applin]], DSO, OBE (1869-1957), son of Captain Vincent Jesson Applin of Chelston Manor, Torquay, British military officer and Conservative Party member of parliament.

*[[Neville Lovett]], CBE (1869-1951), son of Rev R Lovett of Bishop's Caundle, Bishop of Portsmouth and Bishop of Salisbury.

==1870s==
*[[Charles Augustus Kincaid]], CVO (1870–1954), high court judge in India and a prolific author.

*[[Walter Ellerton|Admiral Walter Maurice Ellerton]] CB (1870-1948), son of Rev John Ellerton of Barnes, Royal Navy officer, Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station, ADC to King George V.

*Arthur Ramsay, son of [[Ramsay baronets|Sir Alexander Entwisle Ramsay]] Bt of Balmain.

*[[Henry Spencer Stephenson|The Reverend Canon Henry Spencer Stephenson]] (1871-1957), son of Lt-Colonel Sussex Vane Stephenson, Chaplain to King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II, participating in the coronation procession of Queen Elizabeth.

*Major Sir Frederick Henry Berryman, DL JP son of F. Berryman of Shepton Mallet, Barrister, British Army officer, Chairman of Somerset County Council.

*John Burland Harris-Burland, (1870-1926), son of Major-General Harris-Burland of Sydenham, Honorary Secretry of Oxford Union, early science fiction author.

*Sir Norman Alexander Leslie, OBE KBE, (1870-1945), son of J Leslie, shipowner, partner in family law firm, Ministry of Shipping.

*[[John Cowper Powys]], (1872-1963), son of Reverend Charles Francis Powys of Montacute, British philosopher, lecturer, novelist, literary critic, and poet.

*Brig-General Arthur Basil Carey, DSO CMG, (1872-1961), son of William Carey of Southampton, senior British Army officer.

*Robert Harold Ambrose Gordon Duff, (1871-1946), son of Lt-General Alexander Duff of Tunbridge Wells, Private Secretary to [[Walter Long, 2nd Viscount Long]] and [[Gerald Balfour, 2nd Earl of Balfour]], author of poems.

*Brig-General Walter John Lambert, DSO, (1874-1944), son of Sir John Lambert, senior British Army officer.

*William Enderby Lutyens, son of Captain Charles Henry Augustus Lutyens of Onslow Square and brother of [[Edwin Landseer Lutyens]], won Mile Race for Cambridge four year in a row, holder of Inter-Varsity Mile Record, Hon. Canon of Rochester, author ''The Servant and Other Poems'', ''Notes for Meditation'', and other works.

*Count Gustav Bridges Fergus Gebhardt Lebrecht Blücher-Altona, (1873- (Count), son of Count Conrad Fergus Carl Gotthardt Lebrecht, officer in the Danish Hussars.

*Brig-General Alfred Henry Cotes James, MVO JP, (1873-1947), son of A B James of North Petherton, [[Merton College, Oxford]], senior British Army officer.

*Brig-General Richard Lancelot Waller, CMG, son of Major-General W. N. Waller of Sherborne, senior British Army officer.

*Sir Edgar Joseph Holberton, (1874-1949), CBE KBE, son of J L Holberton of Staffordshire, [[Magdalene College, Cambridge]] Chairman of the Burma Chamber of Commerce .

*Everard Reginald Hays Neave, (1877-1951), son of Lt-Colonel Everard Strangways Neave of Buckinghamshire, Judge, High Court, Allahabad.

*[[Clarke-Jervoise baronets|Captain Sir Dudley Alan Lestock Clarke-Jervoise]] Bt, (1876-1933), son of Sir Arthur Clarke-Jervoise Bt, Tiverton, British Army officer, succeeded as 7th Baronet.

*Surgeon Admiral William Wallace Keir, MB ChB CMG KHS, (1876-1949), son of William Keir of Aldershot, senior Royal Navy officer and surgeon.

*[[Henry Roy Dean]], MD LLD DSc FRCP (1879-1961), son of Joshua Dean of Bournemouth, professor of Pathology at the University of Cambridge and Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge.

*[[Devitt baronets|Sir Philip Henry Devitt]] Bt, JP, (1876-1947), son of Sir Thomas L Devitt Bt of Datchet, shipowner, founder of [[Nautical College, Pangbourne]].

*[[Heywood baronets|Lt-Colonel Sir Graham Percival Heywood]] Bt, CB DSO JP DL, (1878-1946), son of Sir [[Arthur Heywood]] Bt of Derbyshire, British Army officer, succeeded as 4th Baronet.

*[[Harold Temperley|Harold William Vazeille Temperley]], OBE, FBA (1879-1939), son of Ernest Temperley, British historian, Professor of Modern History at the University of Cambridge from 1931, Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge.

==1880s==
*[[Albert Powys]], CBE, (1881–1936), son of Reverend Charles Francis Powys of Montacute, architect and Secretary of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings for some 25 years, brother of [[John Cowper Powys]], [[Llewelyn Powys]], [[Theodore Francis Powys]] and [[Philippa Powys]].

*[[Guy Williams (British Army officer)|General Sir Guy Charles Williams]] KCB CMG DSO, (1881-1959), son of Colonel R F Williams, British Army officer who served as General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command during World War II.

*Captain Herbert John Buckmaster, son of Rev John Buckmaster of Ramsgate, officer in the [[Royal Horse Guards]] (The Blues) and founder of [[Buck's Club]].

*Sir Sidney Turner, CBE KBE, (1882-), son of C. Turner of Hampstead, [[Caius College, Cambridge]] (wrangler 04), Civil Service (India Office), Accountant-General, India Office.

*[[Peter Wilson (bishop)|Piers Holt Wilson]], (1883-1956), son of G H Wilson of Suffolk, Bishop of Moray, Ross and Caithness.

*[[Clive Carey|Francis Clive Savill Carey]], CBE (1883-1968), son of F Carey of Burgess Hill, English baritone, singing teacher, composer, opera producer and folk song collector.

*Lt-Colonel Guy George Frederick Fulke Greville, DSO, (1884-1966), son of Captain B S Greville of Kensington, last Colonel in Chief of the [[Highland Light Infantry]].

*[[Llewelyn Powys]], (1884-1939), son of son of Reverend Charles Francis Powys of Montacute, British essayist and novelist, and brother of [[John Cowper Powys]], [[Llewelyn Powys]], [[Theodore Francis Powys]] and [[Philippa Powys]].

*[[Geoffrey Lunt|Geoffrey Charles Lester Lunt]], MC (1885–1948), son of Rev Prebendary Lunt of Bath, Bishop of Ripon and Bishop of Salisbury.

*[[Henry Ruthven Moore|Admiral Sir Henry Ruthven Moore]] GCB, CVO, DSO (1886-1978), son of Colonel H Moore of Minehead, the last British admiral to command Home Fleet during World War II.

==References==

[[Category:People educated at Sherborne School]]

March 03, 2019 at 04:17AM

2019-03-02 01:55:30 UTC M3.8 VALPARAISO, CHILE 2hr 33min ago IV Depth

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March 03, 2019 at 02:03AM

Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)

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Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)

Impru20: ←Created page with 'This is the results breakdown of the local elections held in Castilla–La Mancha on 8 May 1983. The following tables show d...'

This is the results breakdown of the [[1983 Spanish local elections|local elections]] held in [[Castilla–La Mancha]] on 8 May 1983. The following tables show detailed results in the autonomous community's most populous municipalities, sorted alphabetically.<ref name="HE"></ref>

==City control==
The following table lists party control in the most populous municipalities, including provincial capitals (shown in '''bold''').<ref name="HE"/> Gains for a party are displayed with the cell's background shaded in that party's colour.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! Municipality
! Population
! colspan="2" style="width:375px;"| Previous control
! colspan="2" style="width:375px;"| New control
|-
| '''[[Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Albacete|Albacete]]'''
| 116,484
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
|-
| '''[[Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]]'''
| 50,151
| bgcolor=""|
| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
| bgcolor=""|
| [[People's Coalition (Spain)|People's Coalition]] (AP–PDP–UL)
|-
| '''[[Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Cuenca|Cuenca]]'''
| 40,007
| bgcolor=""|
| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
| bgcolor=""|
| [[People's Coalition (Spain)|People's Coalition]] (AP–PDP–UL)
|-
| '''[[Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Guadalajara|Guadalajara]]'''
| 55,137
| bgcolor=""|
| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| bgcolor=""|
| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
|-
| [[Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Talavera de la Reina|Talavera de la Reina]]
| 64,840
| bgcolor=""|
| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| bgcolor=""|
| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
|-
| '''[[Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Toledo|Toledo]]'''
| 54,335
| bgcolor=""|
| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
| bgcolor=""|
| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
|}

==Municipalities==
===Albacete===
:''Population: 116,484''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:97%;"
|+ [[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Albacete|←]] Summary of the 8 May 1983 [[City Council]] of [[Albacete]] election results [[Results breakdown of the 1987 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Albacete|→]]
|-
| colspan="7"| [[File:AlbaceteCouncilDiagram1983.svg|center|275px]]
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="500"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
! width="50"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="40"| Total
! width="40"| +/−
|-
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| 27,905 || 53.82 || style="color:green;"| +17.64
| '''16''' || style="color:green;"| +5
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[People's Coalition (Spain)|People's Coalition]] ([[People's Alliance (Spain)|AP]]–[[People's Democratic Party (Spain)|PDP]]–[[Liberal Union (Spain, 1983)|UL]])1
| 18,639 || 35.95 || style="color:green;"| +32.55
| '''10''' || style="color:green;"| +10
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE)
| 2,838 || 5.47 || style="color:red;"| –11.64
| '''1''' || style="color:red;"| –4
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|Democratic and Social Centre]] (CDS)
| 1,025 || 1.98 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| Manchegan Regionalist Party (PRM)
| 730 || 1.41 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Movement]] (MC)
| 533 || 1.03 || style="color:green;"| +0.54
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Independent politician|Independents]] (INDEP)
| 176 || 0.34 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
| ''[[n/a]]'' || ''n/a'' || style="color:red;"| –37.87
| 0 || style="color:red;"| –11
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 0 || 0.00 || ±0.00
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 51,846 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 27 || ±0
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 51,846 || 100.00 || style="color:green;"| +0.53
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 0 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| –0.53
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout
| 51,846 || 63.76 || style="color:green;"| +4.08
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 29,469 || 36.24 || style="color:red;"| –4.08
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters
| 81,315 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HE"/><ref></ref>
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"|
{| class="navbox collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; font-size:100%; width:820px; float:left; border:0; margin-top:-1px;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FDFDFD;"| Footnotes:
|-
| style="font-size:85%; border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;"|
1 [[People's Coalition (Spain)|People's Coalition]] results are compared to [[Democratic Coalition (Spain)|Democratic Coalition]] totals in the 1979 election.
|}
|}

===Ciudad Real===
:''Population: 50,151''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:97%;"
|+ [[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Ciudad Real|←]] Summary of the 8 May 1983 [[City Council]] of [[Ciudad Real]] election results [[Results breakdown of the 1987 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Ciudad Real|→]]
|-
| colspan="7"| [[File:CiudadRealCouncilDiagram1983.svg|center|275px]]
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="500"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
! width="50"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="40"| Total
! width="40"| +/−
|-
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[People's Coalition (Spain)|People's Coalition]] ([[People's Alliance (Spain)|AP]]–[[People's Democratic Party (Spain)|PDP]]–[[Liberal Union (Spain, 1983)|UL]])1
| 11,938 || 55.12 || style="color:green;"| +53.44
| '''15''' || style="color:green;"| +15
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| 8,370 || 38.65 || style="color:green;"| +4.28
| '''10''' || style="color:green;"| +2
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE)
| 730 || 3.37 || style="color:red;"| –4.77
| 0 || style="color:red;"| –1
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Independent politician|Independents]] (INDEP)
| 339 || 1.57 || style="color:red;"| –7.09
| 0 || style="color:red;"| –2
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Falange Española de las JONS (1976)|Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO]] (FE–JONS)
| 281 || 1.30 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
| ''[[n/a]]'' || ''n/a'' || style="color:red;"| –45.86
| 0 || style="color:red;"| –10
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 0 || 0.00 || ±0.00
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 21,658 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 25 || style="color:green;"| +4
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 21,658 || 100.00 || style="color:green;"| +1.60
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 0 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| –1.60
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout
| 21,658 || 60.27 || style="color:green;"| +1.58
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 14,279 || 39.73 || style="color:red;"| –1.58
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters
| 35,937 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HE"/><ref></ref>
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"|
{| class="navbox collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; font-size:100%; width:820px; float:left; border:0; margin-top:-1px;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FDFDFD;"| Footnotes:
|-
| style="font-size:85%; border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;"|
1 [[People's Coalition (Spain)|People's Coalition]] results are compared to [[Democratic Coalition (Spain)|Democratic Coalition]] totals in the 1979 election.
|}
|}

===Cuenca===
:''Population: 40,007''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:97%;"
|+ [[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Cuenca|←]] Summary of the 8 May 1983 [[City Council]] of [[Cuenca, Spain|Cuenca]] election results [[Results breakdown of the 1987 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Cuenca|→]]
|-
| colspan="7"| [[File:CuencaCouncilDiagram1983.svg|center|260px]]
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="500"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
! width="50"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="40"| Total
! width="40"| +/−
|-
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[People's Coalition (Spain)|People's Coalition]] ([[People's Alliance (Spain)|AP]]–[[People's Democratic Party (Spain)|PDP]]–[[Liberal Union (Spain, 1983)|UL]])
| 8,776 || 46.48 || ''New''
| '''11''' || style="color:green;"| +11
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| 8,314 || 44.03 || style="color:green;"| +17.15
| '''10''' || style="color:green;"| +4
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1982)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (PDL)
| 795 || 4.21 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE)
| 660 || 3.50 || style="color:red;"| –3.37
| 0 || style="color:red;"| –1
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|Democratic and Social Centre]] (CDS)
| 337 || 1.78 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
| ''[[n/a]]'' || ''n/a'' || style="color:red;"| –64.25
| 0 || style="color:red;"| –14
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 0 || 0.00 || ±0.00
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 18,882 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 21 || ±0
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 18,882 || 100.00 || style="color:green;"| +4.16
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 0 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| –4.16
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout
| 18,882 || 65.06 || style="color:green;"| +2.63
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 10,142 || 34.94 || style="color:red;"| –2.63
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters
| 29,024 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HE"/><ref></ref>
|}

===Guadalajara===
:''Population: 55,137''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:97%;"
|+ [[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Guadalajara|←]] Summary of the 8 May 1983 [[City Council]] of [[Guadalajara, Castilla–La Mancha|Guadalajara]] election results [[Results breakdown of the 1987 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Guadalajara|→]]
|-
| colspan="7"| [[File:GuadalajaraCouncilDiagram1983.svg|center|275px]]
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="500"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
! width="50"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="40"| Total
! width="40"| +/−
|-
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| 14,324 || 50.04 || style="color:green;"| +17.98
| '''14''' || style="color:green;"| +7
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[People's Coalition (Spain)|People's Coalition]] ([[People's Alliance (Spain)|AP]]–[[People's Democratic Party (Spain)|PDP]]–[[Liberal Union (Spain, 1983)|UL]])1
| 10,794 || 37.71 || style="color:green;"| +5.40
| '''10''' || style="color:green;"| +3
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE)
| 1,915 || 6.69 || style="color:red;"| –13.44
| '''1''' || style="color:red;"| –3
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|Democratic and Social Centre]] (CDS)
| 1,152 || 4.02 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1982)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (PDL)
| 439 || 1.53 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[National Union (Spain)|National Union]] (UN)
| ''[[n/a]]'' || ''n/a'' || style="color:red;"| –12.91
| 0 || style="color:red;"| –3
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 0 || 0.00 || ±0.00
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 28,624 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 25 || style="color:green;"| +4
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 28,624 || 100.00 || style="color:green;"| +7.57
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 0 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| –7.57
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout
| 28,624 || 71.98 || style="color:green;"| +9.66
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 11,144 || 28.02 || style="color:red;"| –9.66
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters
| 39,768 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HE"/><ref></ref>
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"|
{| class="navbox collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; font-size:100%; width:820px; float:left; border:0; margin-top:-1px;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FDFDFD;"| Footnotes:
|-
| style="font-size:85%; border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;"|
1 [[People's Coalition (Spain)|People's Coalition]] results are compared to [[Democratic Coalition (Spain)|Democratic Coalition]] totals in the 1979 election.
|}
|}

===Talavera de la Reina===
:''Population: 64,840''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:97%;"
|+ [[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Talavera de la Reina|←]] Summary of the 8 May 1983 [[City Council]] of [[Talavera de la Reina]] election results [[Results breakdown of the 1987 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Talavera de la Reina|→]]
|-
| colspan="7"| [[File:TalaveradelaReinaCouncilDiagram1983.svg|center|275px]]
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="500"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
! width="50"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="40"| Total
! width="40"| +/−
|-
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| 17,474 || 59.02 || style="color:green;"| +23.40
| '''16''' || style="color:green;"| +7
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[People's Coalition (Spain)|People's Coalition]] ([[People's Alliance (Spain)|AP]]–[[People's Democratic Party (Spain)|PDP]]–[[Liberal Union (Spain, 1983)|UL]])
| 8,435 || 28.49 || ''New''
| '''8''' || style="color:green;"| +8
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE)
| 2,023 || 6.83 || style="color:red;"| –14.15
| '''1''' || style="color:red;"| –4
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Independent politician|Independents]] (INDEP)
| 789 || 2.67 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|Democratic and Social Centre]] (CDS)
| 562 || 1.90 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1982)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (PDL)
| 323 || 1.09 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
| ''[[n/a]]'' || ''n/a'' || style="color:red;"| –37.65
| 0 || style="color:red;"| –10
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Party of Labour of Spain]] (PTE)
| ''n/a'' || ''n/a'' || style="color:red;"| –5.76
| 0 || style="color:red;"| –1
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 0 || 0.00 || ±0.00
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 29,606 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 25 || ±0
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 29,606 || 100.00 || style="color:green;"| +9.11
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 0 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| –9.11
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout
| 29,606 || 64.63 || style="color:green;"| +1.53
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 16,201 || 35.37 || style="color:red;"| –1.53
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters
| 45,807 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HE"/><ref></ref>
|}

===Toledo===
:''Population: 54,335''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:97%;"
|+ [[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Toledo|←]] Summary of the 8 May 1983 [[City Council]] of [[Toledo]] election results [[Results breakdown of the 1987 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Toledo|→]]
|-
| colspan="7"| [[File:ToledoCouncilDiagram1983.svg|center|275px]]
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="500"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
! width="50"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="40"| Total
! width="40"| +/−
|-
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[People's Coalition (Spain)|People's Coalition]] ([[People's Alliance (Spain)|AP]]–[[People's Democratic Party (Spain)|PDP]]–[[Liberal Union (Spain, 1983)|UL]])1
| 10,832 || 42.00 || style="color:green;"| +35.56
| '''11''' || style="color:green;"| +10
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| 10,216 || 39.61 || style="color:green;"| +12.90
| '''11''' || style="color:green;"| +4
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE)
| 2,964 || 11.49 || style="color:red;"| –9.77
| '''3''' || style="color:red;"| –2
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1982)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (PDL)
| 952 || 3.69 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|Democratic and Social Centre]] (CDS)
| 623 || 2.42 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Falange Española de las JONS (1976)|Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO]] (FE–JONS)
| 205 || 0.79 || ''New''
| 0 || ±0
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
| ''[[n/a]]'' || ''n/a'' || style="color:red;"| –39.58
| 0 || style="color:red;"| –11
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[New Force (Spain)|New Force]] (FN)
| ''[[n/a]]'' || ''n/a'' || style="color:red;"| –6.01
| 0 || style="color:red;"| –1
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 0 || 0.00 || ±0.00
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 25,792 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 25 || ±0
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 25,792 || 100.00 || style="color:green;"| +2.91
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 0 || 0.00 || style="color:red;"| –2.91
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout
| 25,792 || 65.78 || style="color:green;"| +3.93
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 13,416 || 34.22 || style="color:red;"| –3.93
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters
| 39,208 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HE"/><ref></ref>
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"|
{| class="navbox collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; font-size:100%; width:820px; float:left; border:0; margin-top:-1px;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#FDFDFD;"| Footnotes:
|-
| style="font-size:85%; border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;"|
1 [[People's Coalition (Spain)|People's Coalition]] results are compared to [[Democratic Coalition (Spain)|Democratic Coalition]] totals in the 1979 election.
|}
|}

==See also==
*[[1983 Castilian-Manchegan regional election]]

==References==

[[Category:Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections]]
[[Category:Results breakdown of Spanish local elections in Castilla–La Mancha]]

March 03, 2019 at 01:49AM

HYDE、全国ツアー『HYDE LIVE 2019』開催決定！赤い唇が印象的な新アーティスト写真も解禁

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07/02（火）宮城・SENDAI PIT 07/03（水）宮城・SENDAI PIT 07/06（土）福岡・Zepp Fukuoka 07/07（日）福岡・Zepp Fukuoka 07/09（火）広島・BLUE LIVE ...
March 02, 2019 at 09:22PM

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ボーカリスト・HYDEが、アジア、アメリカツアーを経て、6月から日本7都市を回る全国ツアー『HYDE LIVE 2019』を開催することが決定し、日程が発表された。
March 02, 2019 at 09:00PM

Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)

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Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)

Impru20: /* References */

This is the results breakdown of the [[1979 Spanish local elections|local elections]] held in [[Castilla–La Mancha]] on 3 April 1979. The following tables show detailed results in the autonomous community's most populous municipalities, sorted alphabetically.<ref name="HE"></ref>

==City control==
The following table lists party control in the most populous municipalities, including provincial capitals (shown in '''bold''').<ref name="HE"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! Municipality
! Population
! colspan="2" style="width:375px;"| New control
|-
| '''[[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Albacete|Albacete]]'''
| 105,408
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
|-
| '''[[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]]'''
| 48,075
| bgcolor=""|
| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
|-
| '''[[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Cuenca|Cuenca]]'''
| 38,601
| bgcolor=""|
| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
|-
| '''[[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Guadalajara|Guadalajara]]'''
| 47,758
| bgcolor=""|
| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
|-
| [[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Talavera de la Reina|Talavera de la Reina]]
| 59,515
| bgcolor=""|
| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
|-
| '''[[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Toledo|Toledo]]'''
| 54,999
| bgcolor=""|
| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
|}

==Municipalities==
===Albacete===
:''Population: 105,408''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:97%;"
|+ Summary of the 3 April 1979 [[City Council]] of [[Albacete]] election results [[Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Albacete|→]]
|-
| colspan="7"| [[File:AlbaceteCouncilDiagram1979.svg|center|275px]]
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="500"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
! width="50"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="40"| Total
! width="40"| +/−
|-
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
| 16,282 || 37.87 || ''[[n/a]]''
| '''11''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| 15,556 || 36.18 || ''n/a''
| '''11''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE)
| 7,354 || 17.11 || ''n/a''
| '''5''' || ''n/a''
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Democratic Coalition (Spain)|Democratic Coalition]] (CD)
| 1,460 || 3.40 || ''n/a''
| 0 || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[New Force (Spain)|New Force]] (FN)
| 1,090 || 2.54 || ''n/a''
| 0 || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Socialist Action Party (Spain)|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical)]] (PSOEh)
| 724 || 1.68 || ''n/a''
| 0 || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Party of Labour of Spain]] (PTE)
| 257 || 0.60 || ''n/a''
| 0 || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Movement]]–[[Organization of Communist Left]] (MC–OIC)
| 210 || 0.49 || ''n/a''
| 0 || ''n/a''
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 0 || 0.00 || ''n/a''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 42,993 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 27 || ''n/a''
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 42,993 || 99.47 || ''n/a''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 228 || 0.53 || ''n/a''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout
| 43,221 || 59.68 || ''n/a''
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 29,195 || 40.32 || ''n/a''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters
| 72,416 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HE"/><ref></ref>
|}

===Ciudad Real===
:''Population: 48,075''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:97%;"
|+ Summary of the 3 April 1979 [[City Council]] of [[Ciudad Real]] election results [[Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Ciudad Real|→]]
|-
| colspan="7"| [[File:CiudadRealCouncilDiagram1979.svg|center|260px]]
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="500"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
! width="50"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="40"| Total
! width="40"| +/−
|-
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
| 8,594 || 45.86 || ''[[n/a]]''
| '''10''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| 6,441 || 34.37 || ''n/a''
| '''8''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Independent politician|Independents]] (INDEP)
| 1,623 || 8.66 || ''n/a''
| '''2''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE)
| 1,526 || 8.14 || ''n/a''
| '''1''' || ''n/a''
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Democratic Coalition (Spain)|Democratic Coalition]] (CD)
| 314 || 1.68 || ''n/a''
| 0 || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Workers' Revolutionary Organization (Spain)|Workers' Revolutionary Organization]] (ORT)
| 240 || 1.28 || ''n/a''
| 0 || ''n/a''
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 0 || 0.00 || ''n/a''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 18,738 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 21 || ''n/a''
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 18,738 || 98.40 || ''n/a''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 304 || 1.60 || ''n/a''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout
| 19,042 || 58.69 || ''n/a''
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 13,404 || 41.31 || ''n/a''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters
| 32,446 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HE"/><ref></ref>
|}

===Cuenca===
:''Population: 38,601''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:97%;"
|+ Summary of the 3 April 1979 [[City Council]] of [[Cuenca, Spain|Cuenca]] election results [[Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Cuenca|→]]
|-
| colspan="7"| [[File:CuencaCouncilDiagram1979.svg|center|260px]]
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="500"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
! width="50"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="40"| Total
! width="40"| +/−
|-
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
| 10,590 || 64.25 || ''[[n/a]]''
| '''14''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| 4,431 || 26.88 || ''n/a''
| '''6''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE)
| 1,462 || 8.87 || ''n/a''
| '''1''' || ''n/a''
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 0 || 0.00 || ''n/a''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 16,483 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 21 || ''n/a''
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 16,483 || 95.84 || ''n/a''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 716 || 4.16 || ''n/a''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout
| 17,199 || 62.43 || ''n/a''
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 10,349 || 37.57 || ''n/a''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters
| 27,548 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HE"/><ref></ref>
|}

===Guadalajara===
:''Population: 47,758''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:97%;"
|+ Summary of the 3 April 1979 [[City Council]] of [[Guadalajara, Castilla–La Mancha|Guadalajara]] election results [[Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Guadalajara|→]]
|-
| colspan="7"| [[File:GuadalajaraCouncilDiagram1979.svg|center|260px]]
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="500"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
! width="50"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="40"| Total
! width="40"| +/−
|-
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Democratic Coalition (Spain)|Democratic Coalition]] (CD)
| 6,462 || 32.31 || ''[[n/a]]''
| '''7''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| 6,412 || 32.06 || ''n/a''
| '''7''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE)
| 4,027 || 20.13 || ''n/a''
| '''4''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[National Union (Spain)|National Union]] (UN)
| 2,583 || 12.91 || ''n/a''
| '''3''' || ''n/a''
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Organization of Spain (Red Flag)]] (OCE–BR)
| 518 || 2.59 || ''n/a''
| 0 || ''n/a''
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 0 || 0.00 || ''n/a''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 20,002 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 21 || ''n/a''
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 20,002 || 92.43 || ''n/a''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 1,638 || 7.57 || ''n/a''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout
| 21,640 || 62.32 || ''n/a''
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 13,086 || 37.68 || ''n/a''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters
| 34,726 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HE"/><ref></ref>
|}

===Talavera de la Reina===
:''Population: 59,515''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:97%;"
|+ Summary of the 3 April 1979 [[City Council]] of [[Talavera de la Reina]] election results [[Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Talavera de la Reina|→]]
|-
| colspan="7"| [[File:TalaveradelaReinaCouncilDiagram1979.svg|center|275px]]
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="500"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
! width="50"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="40"| Total
! width="40"| +/−
|-
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
| 8,606 || 37.65 || ''[[n/a]]''
| '''10''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| 8,142 || 35.62 || ''n/a''
| '''9''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE)
| 4,795 || 20.98 || ''n/a''
| '''5''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Party of Labour of Spain]] (PTE)
| 1,316 || 5.76 || ''n/a''
| '''1''' || ''n/a''
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 0 || 0.00 || ''n/a''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 22,859 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 25 || ''n/a''
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 22,859 || 90.89 || ''n/a''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 2,290 || 9.11 || ''n/a''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout
| 25,149 || 63.10 || ''n/a''
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 14,704 || 36.90 || ''n/a''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters
| 39,853 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HE"/><ref></ref>
|}

===Toledo===
:''Population: 54,999''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:97%;"
|+ Summary of the 3 April 1979 [[City Council]] of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] election results [[Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Castilla–La Mancha)#Toledo|→]]
|-
| colspan="7"| [[File:ToledoCouncilDiagram1979.svg|center|275px]]
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="500"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
! width="50"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="40"| Total
! width="40"| +/−
|-
| width="1" bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] (UCD)
| 9,339 || 39.58 || ''[[n/a]]''
| '''11''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE)
| 6,302 || 26.71 || ''n/a''
| '''7''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Communist Party of Castilla–La Mancha|Communist Party of Spain]] (PCE)
| 5,016 || 21.26 || ''n/a''
| '''5''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[Democratic Coalition (Spain)|Democratic Coalition]] (CD)
| 1,520 || 6.44 || ''n/a''
| '''1''' || ''n/a''
|-
| bgcolor=""|
| align="left"| [[New Force (Spain)|New Force]] (FN)
| 1,417 || 6.01 || ''n/a''
| '''1''' || ''n/a''
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 0 || 0.00 || ''n/a''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 23,594 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 25 || ''n/a''
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 23,594 || 97.09 || ''n/a''
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 706 || 2.91 || ''n/a''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout
| 24,300 || 61.85 || ''n/a''
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 14,987 || 38.15 || ''n/a''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters
| 39,287 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources<ref name="HE"/><ref></ref>
|}

==References==

[[Category:Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections]]
[[Category:Results breakdown of Spanish local elections in Castilla–La Mancha]]

March 02, 2019 at 11:39PM

Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality

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Friday, March 1, 2019

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Mechanism of Autism

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Mechanism of Autism

Doc James: Doc James moved page Mechanism of Autism to Mechanism of autism: caps

Autism's symptoms result from maturation-related changes in various systems of the brain. How autism occurs is not well understood. Its mechanism can be divided into two areas: the [[pathophysiology]] of brain structures and processes associated with autism, and the [[neuropsychological]] linkages between brain structures and behaviors.<ref name="Penn"></ref> The behaviors appear to have multiple pathophysiologies.<ref name="London"></ref><ref></ref>

There is evidence that [[gut–brain axis]] abnormalities may be involved.<ref name="WasilewskaKlukowski2015" /><ref name=RaoGershon2016 /><ref name="IsraelyanMargolis2018"> </ref> A 2015 review proposed that immune dysregulation, [[gastrointestinal tract|gastrointestinal]] inflammation, malfunction of the [[autonomic nervous system]], [[gut flora]] alterations, and food [[metabolite]]s may cause brain neuroinflammation and dysfunction.<ref name="WasilewskaKlukowski2015"> </ref> A 2016 review concludes that [[enteric nervous system]] abnormalities might play a role in neurological disorders such as autism. Neural connections and the immune system are a pathway that may allow diseases originated in the intestine to spread to the brain.<ref name=RaoGershon2016>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>

Several lines of evidence point to [[Synapse|synaptic]] dysfunction as a cause of autism.<ref name="Lev2009"></ref> Some rare mutations may lead to autism by disrupting some synaptic pathways, such as those involved with [[cell adhesion]].<ref name="Betancur"></ref> Gene replacement studies in mice suggest that autistic symptoms are closely related to later developmental steps that depend on activity in synapses and on activity-dependent changes.<ref name="Walsh"></ref> All known [[teratogen]]s (agents that cause [[birth defect]]s) related to the risk of autism appear to act during the first eight weeks from [[Human fertilization|conception]], and though this does not exclude the possibility that autism can be initiated or affected later, there is strong evidence that autism arises very early in development.<ref name="Arndt"></ref>

==Pathophysiology==
[[File:Autismbrain.jpg|thumb|alt=Two diagrams of major brain structures implicated in autism. The upper diagram shows the cerebral cortex near the top and the basal ganglia in the center, just above the amygdala and hippocampus. The lower diagram shows the corpus callosum near the center, the cerebellum in the lower rear, and the brain stem in the lower center.|Autism affects the [[amygdala]], [[cerebellum]], and many other parts of the brain.<ref name=Amaral />]]
Unlike many other brain disorders, such as [[Parkinson's]], autism does not have a clear unifying mechanism at either the molecular, cellular, or systems level; it is not known whether autism is a few disorders caused by mutations converging on a few common molecular pathways, or is (like intellectual disability) a large set of disorders with diverse mechanisms.<ref name="Geschwind"></ref> Autism appears to result from developmental factors that affect many or all functional brain systems,<ref></ref> and to disturb the timing of brain development more than the final product.<ref name="Amaral"></ref> [[Neuroanatomical]] studies and the associations with [[teratogens]] strongly suggest that autism's mechanism includes alteration of brain development soon after conception.<ref name=Arndt /> This anomaly appears to start a cascade of pathological events in the brain that are significantly influenced by environmental factors.<ref></ref> Just after birth, the brains of children with autism tend to grow faster than usual, followed by normal or relatively slower growth in childhood. It is not known whether early overgrowth occurs in all children with autism. It seems to be most prominent in brain areas underlying the development of higher cognitive specialization.<ref name="Geschwind-2009"></ref> Hypotheses for the cellular and molecular bases of pathological early overgrowth include the following:
* An excess of [[neuron]]s that causes local overconnectivity in key brain regions.<ref></ref>
* Disturbed [[neuronal migration]] during early [[gestation]].<ref name="Schmitz"></ref><ref name="Persico"></ref>
* Unbalanced excitatory–inhibitory networks.<ref name=Persico />
* Abnormal formation of [[synapse]]s and [[dendritic spine]]s,<ref name=Persico /> for example, by modulation of the [[neurexin]]–[[neuroligin]] [[Cell adhesion|cell-adhesion]] system,<ref></ref> or by poorly regulated [[Protein synthesis|synthesis]] of synaptic proteins.<ref></ref><ref></ref> Disrupted synaptic development may also contribute to [[epilepsy]], which may explain why the two conditions are associated.<ref></ref>

The [[immune system]] is thought to play an important role in autism. Children with autism have been found by researchers to have [[inflammation]] of both the peripheral and central immune systems as indicated by increased levels of pro-inflammatory [[cytokines]] and significant activation of [[microglia]].<ref name="pmid24290389"></ref><ref name="pmid21906670">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref name="pmid24795645"></ref> Biomarkers of abnormal immune function have also been associated with increased impairments in behaviors that are characteristic of the core features of autism such as, deficits in social interactions and communication.<ref name="pmid21906670" /> Interactions between the [[immune system]] and the [[nervous system]] begin early during the [[Human embryogenesis|embryonic stage]] of life, and successful neurodevelopment depends on a balanced immune response. It is thought that activation of a pregnant mother's immune system such as from environmental toxicants or infection can contribute to causing autism through causing a disruption of brain development.<ref name="pmid21482187">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref name="Chaste"></ref><ref></ref> This is supported by recent studies that have found that infection during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of autism.<ref name="pmid25218900">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref name="pmid20414802">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>

The relationship of [[neurochemical]]s to autism is not well understood; several have been investigated, with the most evidence for the role of [[serotonin]] and of genetic differences in its transport.<ref name=Lev2009 /> The role of group I [[metabotropic glutamate receptors]] (mGluR) in the pathogenesis of [[fragile X syndrome]], the most common identified genetic cause of autism, has led to interest in the possible implications for future autism research into this pathway.<ref name="pmid18093519"></ref> Some data suggests neuronal overgrowth potentially related to an increase in several [[growth hormone]]s<ref></ref> or to impaired regulation of [[growth factor receptor]]s. Also, some [[inborn errors of metabolism]] are associated with autism, but probably account for less than 5% of cases.<ref name="Manzi"></ref>

The [[mirror neuron system]] (MNS) theory of autism hypothesizes that distortion in the development of the MNS interferes with imitation and leads to autism's core features of social impairment and communication difficulties. The MNS operates when an animal performs an action or observes another animal perform the same action. The MNS may contribute to an individual's understanding of other people by enabling the modeling of their behavior via embodied simulation of their actions, intentions, and emotions.<ref>MNS and autism:

*
*</ref> Several studies have tested this hypothesis by demonstrating structural abnormalities in MNS regions of individuals with ASD, delay in the activation in the core circuit for imitation in individuals with Asperger syndrome, and a correlation between reduced MNS activity and severity of the syndrome in children with ASD.<ref name="Iacoboni"></ref> However, individuals with autism also have abnormal brain activation in many circuits outside the MNS<ref></ref> and the MNS theory does not explain the normal performance of children with autism on imitation tasks that involve a goal or object.<ref></ref>

[[File:Powell2004Fig1A.jpeg|thumb|upright|alt=A human brain viewed from above. About 10% is highlighted in yellow and 10% in blue. There is only a tiny (perhaps 0.5%) green region where they overlap.|Autistic individuals tend to use different areas of the brain (yellow) for a movement task compared to a control group (blue).<ref name="Powell"></ref>]]
ASD-related patterns of low function and aberrant activation in the brain differ depending on whether the brain is doing social or nonsocial tasks.<ref></ref>
In autism there is evidence for reduced functional connectivity of the [[default network]] (a large-scale brain network involved in social and emotional processing), with intact connectivity of the [[task-positive network]] (used in sustained attention and goal-directed thinking). In people with autism the two networks are not negatively correlated in time, suggesting an imbalance in toggling between the two networks, possibly reflecting a disturbance of [[self-referential]] thought.<ref></ref>

The underconnectivity theory of autism hypothesizes that autism is marked by underfunctioning high-level neural connections and synchronization, along with an excess of low-level processes.<ref></ref> Evidence for this theory has been found in [[functional neuroimaging]] studies on autistic individuals<ref name="Williams"></ref> and by a [[Electroencephalography|brainwave]] study that suggested that adults with ASD have local overconnectivity in the [[Cerebral cortex|cortex]] and weak functional connections between the [[frontal lobe]] and the rest of the cortex.<ref></ref> Other evidence suggests the underconnectivity is mainly within each [[Cerebral hemisphere|hemisphere]] of the cortex and that autism is a disorder of the [[Association areas|association cortex]].<ref></ref>

From studies based on [[event-related potential]]s, transient changes to the brain's electrical activity in response to stimuli, there is considerable evidence for differences in autistic individuals with respect to attention, orientation to auditory and visual stimuli, novelty detection, language and face processing, and information storage; several studies have found a preference for nonsocial stimuli.<ref></ref> For example, [[magnetoencephalography]] studies have found evidence in children with autism of delayed responses in the brain's processing of auditory signals.<ref></ref>

In the genetic area, relations have been found between autism and [[schizophrenia]] based on duplications and deletions of chromosomes; research showed that schizophrenia and autism are significantly more common in combination with [[1q21.1 deletion syndrome]]. Research on autism/schizophrenia relations for chromosome 15 (15q13.3), chromosome 16 (16p13.1) and chromosome 17 (17p12) are inconclusive.<ref></ref>

Functional connectivity studies have found both hypo- and hyper-connectivity in brains of people with autism. Hypo-connectivity seems to dominate, especially for interhemispheric and cortico-cortical functional connectivity.<ref name="HaSohn2015">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>

==Neuropsychology==
Two major categories of [[cognitive]] theories have been proposed about the links between autistic brains and behavior.

The first category focuses on deficits in [[social cognition]]. [[Simon Baron-Cohen]]'s [[empathizing–systemizing theory]] postulates that autistic individuals can systemize—that is, they can develop internal rules of operation to handle events inside the brain—but are less effective at empathizing by handling events generated by other agents. An extension, the extreme male brain theory, hypothesizes that autism is an extreme case of the male brain, defined psychometrically as individuals in whom systemizing is better than empathizing.<ref name=E-S-theory /> These theories are somewhat related to Baron-Cohen's earlier [[theory of mind]] approach, which hypothesizes that autistic behavior arises from an inability to ascribe mental states to oneself and others. The theory of mind hypothesis is supported by the atypical responses of children with autism to the [[Sally–Anne test]] for reasoning about others' motivations,<ref name="E-S-theory"></ref> and the mirror neuron system theory of autism described in ''[[#Pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]'' maps well to the hypothesis.<ref name=Iacoboni /> However, most studies have found no evidence of impairment in autistic individuals' ability to understand other people's basic intentions or goals; instead, data suggests that impairments are found in understanding more complex social emotions or in considering others' viewpoints.<ref></ref>

The second category focuses on nonsocial or general processing: the [[executive functions]] such as [[working memory]], planning, [[Inhibition Theory|inhibition]]. In his review, Kenworthy states that "the claim of [[executive dysfunction]] as a causal factor in autism is controversial", however, "it is clear that executive dysfunction plays a role in the social and cognitive deficits observed in individuals with autism".<ref name=Kenworthy /> Tests of core executive processes such as eye movement tasks indicate improvement from late childhood to adolescence, but performance never reaches typical adult levels.<ref></ref> A strength of the theory is predicting stereotyped behavior and narrow interests;<ref></ref> two weaknesses are that executive function is hard to measure<ref name="Kenworthy"></ref> and that executive function deficits have not been found in young children with autism.<ref name="Sigman"></ref>

[[Weak central coherence theory]] hypothesizes that a limited ability to see the big picture underlies the central disturbance in autism. One strength of this theory is predicting special talents and peaks in performance in autistic people.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> A related theory—enhanced perceptual functioning—focuses more on the superiority of locally oriented and [[perceptual]] operations in autistic individuals.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Yet another, [[monotropism]], posits that autism stems from a different cognitive style, tending to focus attention (or processing resources) intensely, to the exclusion of other stimuli.<ref name=Murray>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> These theories map well from the underconnectivity theory of autism.

Neither category is satisfactory on its own; social cognition theories poorly address autism's rigid and repetitive behaviors, while most of the nonsocial theories have difficulty explaining social impairment and communication difficulties.<ref name="HappeTime"></ref> A combined theory based on multiple deficits may prove to be more useful.<ref></ref>

==References==

March 01, 2019 at 04:13PM