【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/2XsvtQN
Men in BlackMen In Black 3
April 11, 2020 at 11:00PM
Saturday, April 11, 2020
Men in Black
Aleppo: The Rise and Fall of Syria's Great Merchant City
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/3a7Khap
Aleppo: The Rise and Fall of Syria's Great Merchant City
WhisperToMe:
'''''Aleppo: The Rise and Fall of Syria's Great Merchant City''''' is a non-fiction book by [[Philip Mansel]], published by [[I.B.Tauris]] in 2016. It concerns [[Aleppo]] and how it changed from a more prosperous and cosmopolitan city to a war-torn environment.
==Contents==
A history of Aleppo from 1516 to the book's publication time takes up the initial 25% while the other portions of the book are travel writing from various time periods,<ref name=Marozzi>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> with many accounts written by people from the [[Western world]].<ref name=Shafak>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
==Reception==
Justin Marozzi of ''[[The Spectator]]'' wrote that the author "goes about his business in a style at once accomplished, entertaining and idiosyncratic."<ref name=Marozzi/> Marozzi concluded that the "Elegant and [[:wikt:elegiac|elegiac]]" book "is a precious monument to a once-splendid city that has been reduced to abject ruin and misery."<ref name=Marozzi/>
Elif Shafak of the ''[[Financial Times]]'' wrote that the author has a genuine passion for Aleppo and "offers a unique perspective on the cultures around the Mediterranean."<ref name=Shafak/> Shafak concluded that it is "an eloquently written book that at times reads like an elegy to Aleppo's bazaars, embracing worldview and cultural diversity."<ref name=Shafak/>
==References==
==External link==
* [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]: [https://ift.tt/2JZmK0o UK link] and [https://ift.tt/2V0GO9b US link]
[[Category:2016 books]]
[[Category:Aleppo]]
[[Category:Books about Syria]]
April 12, 2020 at 02:30AM
Men in Black 3
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/3aZRZ7u
Men in Black 3
April 11, 2020 at 11:00PM
Lockdown in Rajasthan
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/3egIUcr
Lockdown in Rajasthan
April 11, 2020 at 06:00PM
Rep. Matt Gaetz on how coronavirus has changed his daily routine
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/3cb60zC
Rep. Matt Gaetz on how coronavirus has changed his daily routine Quarantine Routine is a regular feature that asks political power brokers how their daily lives have changed -- and how they're still doing their jobs -- during the coronavirus crisis.
April 11, 2020 at 10:05PM
Lockdown News in India
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/34tsf15
Lockdown News in India
April 11, 2020 at 09:00AM
Terror Financing Watchdog Extends Pakistan Action Plan Deadline Amid Coronavirus
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/2RqKWx6
Terror Financing Watchdog Extends Pakistan Action Plan Deadline Amid Coronavirus
Pakistan has until October to meet Financial Action Task Force (FATF) requirements to be delisted from the organization's "gray list," sources inside the Pakistani government told VOA.
The so-called "gray list" limits access to the global financial system for countries that fail to meet their responsibilities to stop terror-funding and money laundering.
The global watchdog, based in Paris, has not issued an official statement on the June 2020 deadline extension. However, Pakistani officials said the grace period has to do with the outbreak of the coronavirus that has forced Islamabad to direct its resources to fight the pandemic, and the FATF to cancel or postpone its meetings.
"FATF has extended the time period until October 30," the chief spokesperson for Pakistan State Bank, Abid Qamar, confirmed to VOA.
The task force added Pakistan to its "gray list" from 2012-15, and again in June 2018, over concerns that Islamabad was not doing enough to combat militants operating within its borders.
During its plenary meeting in February, the FATF said Pakistan had made progress in fulfilling 14 of the 27 action items required for its removal from the list. The organization gave Pakistan until June to fulfill the remainder of its recommendations or face further ramifications, including member states revising their "business relations and transactions with Pakistan."
Remaining requirements
Abid Qaiyum Suleri, the executive director of Sustainable Development Policy Institute in Islamabad, and a member of Prime Minister Imran Khan's Economic Advisory Council, told VOA that Pakistan likely will meet "most of the requirements" within the new time frame, adding that a de-listing could help the country's emerging economy.
"Pakistan is determined to meet these requirements not only as it wants to get out of gray-list, but due to the reason that strengthening anti-money laundering and counterterrorism is in Pakistan's own benefit," said Suleri. "It will especially help in bringing informal and undocumented economy into documentation which will help us increase our revenue collection."
Pakistan announced its first positive cases of the coronavirus in late February, and the number of infections has continued to surge, up to more than 4,400 cases and 65 deaths this week.
Khan asked Pakistani citizens early on "not to panic" and said the country's economy could not afford a countrywide shutdown. As criticism over his handling of the pandemic grew, and the Pakistani military decided to intervene, Khan began to appeal for international relief.
"The world community has to think of some sort of a debt write-off for countries like us, which are very vulnerable, at least that will help us in coping with it [the coronavirus]," Khan said during a March 16 interview with The Associated Press.
Plea to FATF
A week after Khan's plea, A. Rehman Malik, Pakistan's former interior minister, and chairman of the Senate Standing Committee on Interior, wrote a plea to the FATF, asking for Pakistan's "complete" removal from the gray list in order to dedicate its resources and attention to the coronavirus outbreak.
Pakistan, as per FATF's previous outline, had to submit its progress report by April 15, ahead of the group's face-to-face meeting in Bangkok during the second week of May, and the plenary meeting scheduled for June in Paris.
Pakistani officials repeatedly have criticized the FATF designation, though, saying they have taken serious measures to eradicate terror groups and their financing sources in recent months. They say their country deserves more recognition especially for their role in U.S.-Taliban peace talks in neighboring Afghanistan.
The country's counterterror court in February acted on the country's most high-profile terror case when it sentenced Hafiz Mohammad Saeed, an Islamic cleric accused of masterminding the 2008 Mumbai terror attack that killed 161 people, to 11 years in prison.
Additionally, when a Sindh provincial court earlier this month overturned the conviction of four men accused of the 2002 kidnapping and murder of American journalist Daniel Pearl, Imran Khan's government within hours ordered the re-arrest of the men and said it was appealing the court's decision.
New opportunity
Some Pakistan analysts say the October deadline gives Pakistan an opportunity to address the remainder of FATF's concerns. A future delisting from the gray list, they assert, would help attract more investors into the country's economy.
"Pakistan should take advantage of this delay and start legislation, prosecution and conviction of banned terrorist outfits. There are many challenges, but Pakistan has to demonstrate and show to the world a seriousness in this regard," Islamabad-based economic analyst Mehtab Haider told VOA.
VOA's Rabia Pir contributed to this report from Islamabad.
April 11, 2020 at 06:16AM
Friday, April 10, 2020
Irinjin
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/2RvexFt
Irinjin
Cavidaga:
'''Irinjin''' or '''Irenjin''' (, ) was a powerful [[Keraites|Kerait]] emir in [[Ilkhanate]] and a viceroy of Anatolia.
== Life ==
He was a son of emir Sarija (his name could also be a misreading of George<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>) and a nephew of [[Doquz Khatun]], thus a great-grandson of [[Toghrul]]. His father arrived in [[Iran]] with [[Hulagu Khan|Hulagu]] and was buried in Nestorian church of [[Maragheh]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> He also had a sister called Toqtani or Toqiyatai (d. 1292) who successively married to [[Hulagu Khan|Hulagu]], [[Abaqa Khan|Abaqa]] and [[Qonqurtai]].<ref>L. J. Ward, "The Ẓafar-nāmah of Ḥamd Allāh Mustaufi and the Il-Khān dynasty of Iran," Ph.D. diss, p.204, University of Manchester, 1983.</ref>Another sister of his was Uruk Khatun, who was married to [[Arghun]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> He emerged as [[Baydu]]'s supporter when he released his son Kipchak from [[Gaykhatu]]'s court in 1295.
=== Rule in Anatolia ===
After accession of [[Öljaitü]], he was appointed as new viceroy of Anatolia in June 1305.<ref name=":0">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>His headquarters was centered in [[Niksar]]. Öljaitü's vizier Sa'd al-Daula Savaji appointed his nephew Sharaf al-Din Musafir as Irinjin's tax collector, Ahmad Lakushi as vizier<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> and emir Agacheri as his commander-in-chief. His monopolisation of duties and officies caused several officers and emirs to abandon their appointments, such as Ögedei, son of Shiktur Noyan of [[Jalairs]].<ref name=":0" /> He left his post in Anatolia temporarily in 1307 to join Öljaitü's campaign in [[Gilan Province|Gilan]].<ref>Ḥāfiz Abrū, Dhayl-i Jāmi'al-Tawārīkh-i Rāshidī, ed. Khānbābā Bāyānī ([[Tehran]]: Āsār-i Millī, 1972), p. 73</ref>
His rule in Anatolia was widely disapproved. In one occasion, he besieged a Turkish bey called Ilyas in [[Sultan Han]] with 20.000 Mongol soldiers, causing much damage. After end of battle, he demanded a compensation of 6000 [[Dirham|dirhams]] per soldier from ''[[Nazir (title)|mutawalli]]'' of Anatolian [[waqf]]<nowiki/>s [[:tr:Kerimüddin Mahmud-i Aksarayî|Karim ul-Din Aqsarai]].<ref></ref>His local proteges, for example, a Turkish bey called Shemgit-oglu was known to raid and murder shaykhs, nobles and notables in [[Aksaray]]. Another protege of his, [[Taghachar]]'s cousin [[Bilarghu]] had Armenian kings [[Hethum II, King of Armenia|Hetum II]] and [[Leo III, King of Armenia|Leo III]] executed in 1307. After Armenian insurrection, Bilarghu had to flee to Irinjin in [[Sivas]]. After numerous complains from locals and his inability to answer [[Karamanids|Karamanid]] invasion of [[Konya]], Irinjin was recalled from [[Anatolia]] in 1314.
He again gained favour when [[Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan|Abu Sa'id]] inherited Ilkhanate throne in 1316. Abu Sa'id's new regent Sevinch appointed Irinjin to governorate of [[Diyar Bakr]], but this soon changed after Sevinch's death in 1318. New regent [[Chupan]] while appointing his own son [[Timurtash]] in Irinjin's former post in Anatolia, recalled Amir Sutai to Diyar Bakr in 1318, leaving Irinjin out of Ilkhanate politics.
== Revolt in 1319 ==
Irinjin's rivalry with Chupan, led to his adjoin of Qurumushi, another Kerait emir and commander of Mongol garrison in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. Apart being both Keraites, Qurumushi and Irinjin were both related to il-khan [[Tekuder]] by marriage. Qurumushi revolted after his rebukal by Chupan, because of him not coming to aid of Abu Sa'id against invasion of [[Öz Beg Khan|Ozbeg]] of [[Golden Horde]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>Chupan's subordinate Toqmaq also defected to rebel side, because of his old rivalry with [[Demasq Kaja]], son of Chupan. Irinjin's daughter Tursin's hand was sought by Toqmaq, but eventually was married to Demasq Khaja on the orders of [[Öljaitü]]. Irinjin's son Shaykh Ali was Abu Sa'id's favorite and his falconer<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> since his governorate in [[Khorasan Province|Khorasan]], which led some researchers to believe revolt was indeed orchestrated by Abu Sa'id himself who wanted to get rid of Chupan. Qurumushi's 40.000 strong rebel army caught Chupan with his two sons and 2000 strong entourage unguarded near [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and caused him to flee, this was when Irinjin openly joined the revolt.
When news of Chupan's defeat reached to [[Soltaniyeh]], Irinjin's son and daughter agreed to plunder the belongings of Demasq Kaja, but was prevented from killing him by Ögrünch, Uyghur emir. Irinjin on his part, pillaged Timurtash's belongings in Anatolia. Rebel armies merged near [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]] and set course to Abu Sa'id's main army soon later. Ilkhanate armies were commanded by Abu Sa'id himself on centre with Ögrünch and Chupan, while his [[Oirats|Oirat]] uncles Ali Padshah and Muhammad was positioned on left wing. Right wing was commanded by Mahmud b. Esen Qutluq and Shayk Ali b. Ali Qushchi. On their part, Irinjin was commanding center on rebel side with his wife Princess Könchek, emir Toqmaq and his brother Aras were commanding left, while Qurumushi commanded right flank. A last second peace attempt by Qutluqshah, Irinjin's wife was in vain. A decisive battle was fought on 20 June 1319 near [[Mianeh, East Azerbaijan|Mianeh]] with Ilkhanate victory. Irinjin was captured in vicinity of Kaghazkunan, near [[Khalkhal County|Khalkhal]].
=== Aftermath ===
During trial at Soltaniyeh, Irinjin claimed that he was acting on Abu Sa'id's orders, a claim he rejected. He was executed in Soltaniyeh with a skewer driven up from his chin to brain. Irinjin's body was displayed for 2-3 days and his decapitated head was sent around Ilkhanate provinces. His 15 year old son Vafadar were also decapitated, while his wife Könchek was trampled to death by horses. In total 36 emirs and 7 khatuns were executed, including Amir Toqmaq, Qurumishi, Princess Könchek (daughter of [[Tekuder]]) and Irinjin. Qutluqshah Khatun was spared and married off to Pulad Qiya, a brother of Amir Ordu Qiya. Shaykh Ali was already executed before battle.<ref></ref>
== Religion ==
Irinjin was a [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]] and likewise, had Christian family. His family was interred at Mar Shalita church of [[Maragheh]], to which he donated a revenue of a village and prevented it from being converted to a mosque.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>He was also reported to be a close friend of [[Yahballaha III|Mar Yahballaha III]].
== Family ==
He was married to [[Tekuder]]'s daughter Könchek Khatun (d. 1319) and had more wives including a certain Sarijah with whom he had several offsprings:
# Shaykh Ali (d. 1319) — married to a daughter of Essen Qutluqh on 28 April 1305
# Qutluqshah Khatun — betrothed 18 March 1305, m. 20 June 1305 to [[Öljaitü]], then Pulad Qiya
# Tursin Khatun (d. 1324) — married to [[Demasq Kaja]]
# Vafadar (1304 - 1319)
Through his daughter Tursin Khatun, he became ancestor of [[Jalairid Sultanate|Jalayirids]] on the maternal side.
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:1319 deaths]]
[[Category:Generals of the Mongol Empire]]
[[Category:People of the Ilkhanate]]
[[Category:Nestorians]]
April 11, 2020 at 08:15AM
Rajiv Nandan
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/2y8HzUM
Rajiv Nandan
Jaywardhan009: ←Created page with ' Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2) Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2) '''Rajiv Nandan''' is an Indian politician. He w...'
Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
'''Rajiv Nandan''' is an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Gurua (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gurua constituency]] in [[Bihar]] in the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>[https://ift.tt/2xjSOcL JD(U) veteran faces BJP rookie in Gurua]</ref><ref>[https://ift.tt/2VkqQpd Bihar Elections: List of 43 Candidates Announced by BJP]</ref><ref>[https://ift.tt/3a5YlRL My Neta]</ref>
==References==
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Gaya district]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–]]
April 11, 2020 at 05:55AM
COVID-19 Limits Force Ethiopian Mothers to Give Birth at Home
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/34sfDXO
COVID-19 Limits Force Ethiopian Mothers to Give Birth at Home
COVID-19 travel restrictions in Ethiopia are forcing pregnant women to give birth at home, health workers say.
For Kenasa Kumera, receiving panicked phone calls from women going into labor has become an everyday occurrence.
Ever since Ethiopia implemented strict travel bans last month to stop the spread of the coronavirus, the Marie Stopes International maternity center he manages in Adama, roughly 100 kilometers from the capital, Addis Ababa, has received up to 10 calls a day from women unable to reach his center to give birth.
The trend, he said, is of particular concern in poor areas with no ambulances and where traveling even small distances can be difficult.
"This morning, one client has called in need of an ambulance. She had two Caesarean sections before and she was appointed for another Caesarean section," Kenesa told VOA via a messaging app. "She has been suffering due to the shortage of transportation and she asked for an ambulance. I immediately sent her one. Now she is admitted and the third Caesarean section is safely conducted."
Kenasa said he was concerned that many other women have not been able to arrange transportation, so are forced to give birth at home where medical emergencies cannot be treated.
"Definitely there could be complications since there is no means of transportation and proper health service provisions in the towns," he said. "No doubt complications will happen."
Parliament on Friday approved a nationwide state of emergency, giving authorities sweeping powers to prevent the movement of people. Schools, bars, cultural restaurants, hairdressers and gyms were already closed.
On March 23, the government issued orders to public transporters to cease overcrowding. The regions of Oromia, Amhara, Harari and Tigray have banned or restricted public transport to help limit the spread of the coronavirus.
Ethiopia has recorded 65 cases.
The Ethiopian Ministry of Health did not respond to questions on access to health services for pregnant women.
Risha Hess, country director for Marie Stopes in Ethiopia, told VOA via a messaging app that people all over the country were no longer able to reach health services for delivery or post-natal care.
"We're able to pick people up and bring them to the hospitals and so far that's what we've done," Hess said. "If it continues who knows — we only have one ambulance at every hospital. There will likely be people who we can't get to fast enough or because we don't have the capacity. I can only imagine what's happening with all the other maternity centers in the country."
There are shortages of sexual and reproductive health products from India because factories there have closed and the borders are shut. This, she said, could result in "years of problems and backlogs" due to the borders shutting down across the world.
April 11, 2020 at 04:50AM
Sbai (surname)
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/3aZnVJn
Sbai (surname)
PamD: create
'''Sbai''' is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*[[Abderrahmane Sbai]] (1940-2010), Moroccan politician and civil servant
*[[Hassanine Sbaï]] (born 1984), Tunisian race-walker
* [[Ismaïl Sbaï]] (born 1980), Moroccan racing driver
*[[Salaheddine Sbaï]] (born 1985), Moroccan footballer
* [[Souad Sbai]] (born 1961), Moroccan-born Italian politician and writer
* [[Youssef Sbai]] (born 1978), Tunisian weight-lifter
*[[Abderrahmane Sbai]] (1940-2010), Moroccan politician and civil servant
*[[Hassanine Sbaï]] (born 1984), Tunisian race-walker
* [[Ismaïl Sbaï]] (born 1980), Moroccan racing driver
*[[Salaheddine Sbaï]] (born 1985), Moroccan footballer
* [[Souad Sbai]] (born 1961), Moroccan-born Italian politician and writer
* [[Youssef Sbai]] (born 1978), Tunisian weight-lifter
April 11, 2020 at 03:32AM
COVID-19 Diaries: Stories of Desperation Are Going Unheard
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/2RsnAqN
COVID-19 Diaries: Stories of Desperation Are Going Unheard
I knew I was in trouble a few days ago when I looked in the mirror and saw a sheepdog looking back.
Giselle, who has been keeping my shaggy hair in reasonable shape for years, is now in forced retirement until April 19. She is not alone.
In an effort to contain the deadly coronavirus, the Swiss Federal Government has ordered all bars, restaurants, sports facilities and cultural spaces nationwide to shut down. Only essential businesses, such as grocery stores and pharmacies remain open.
Clearly nobody thought to inform the authorities that beauticians were one of life's essentials. So, activities for the country's 8.57 million inhabitants are severely limited until at least April 19.
That is when the government will take stock of COVID-19 and decide if the situation has improved enough for it to ease up on the extreme measures that have turned this picture-perfect Alpine country into a ghostly landscape.
Last week, for the sake of my mental well-being, I decided to break free of days of home-bound self-isolation and take a walk among the coronavirus-free trees. Also, my food supply was running low, so I figured it was time to stock up.
I wasn't fully prepared for the "Brave New World" I encountered. The streets were largely deserted and desolate. Even the construction boom, which has been making life in this city a misery, has pretty much come to a halt.
The parking lot in my usually bustling neighborhood shopping mall was half empty. All the high-end and bargain-basement stores were closed. Only two supermarkets remained open, with long queues of people, separated by two meters, patiently waiting for their turn to enter.
By the time my turn came, a pack of "body snatchers" had swept the shelves clean of most packaged goods. Bread, in particular, took a big hit. There wasn't a crumb in sight. And, yes—there was no toilet paper.
My misery found a lot of company. People were kind. They would throw me a quick smile of compassionate understanding as we hastily passed each other in the aisles.
Switzerland borders Italy, for weeks the country worst-hit by COVID-19. But a recent statistical analysis shows that Switzerland with more than 24,000 confirmed cases and more than 950 deaths, has the highest rate of COVID-19 infections in the world, based on the size of its population.
Despite this sobering news and the lockdown in Italy, the Swiss border at Ticino remains open to allow some 68,000 Italians working in Switzerland and seen as vital to the economy to enter.
Swiss authorities reacted quickly after the first case of coronavirus was confirmed on Feb. 25. Three days later, they took the unprecedented step of banning public gatherings of 1,000 or more, disappointing thousands of would-be merrymakers looking forward to the country's biggest, most popular carnival in Basel.
Other casualties included the world's biggest art fair in Basel, major Swiss watch exhibitions, the zany Inventions Convention and the Geneva International Motor Show, which attracts half a million visitors every year.
The ban has had an immediate adverse impact on the activities of the United Nations and other international organizations headquartered in Switzerland.
On March 3, the U.N. Human Rights Council canceled 200 side events to reduce the number of participants attending. And, nine days later, the council suspended its session, a week before its ending date because of the spread of coronavirus.
At the time, we did not fully realize that this was the end of all "normal" activities at the United Nations. The U.N., which used to be a beehive of activity, is basically shuttered. The staff is at home teleworking. Only a few essential personnel are left to roam in this cavernous building.
These radical changes, of course, have affected the way I report. I've had little problem adjusting to working from home as I've been doing that for years—long before "teleworking" became a fixture in peoples' everyday lexicon.
However, the difference between working at home now and working at home in pre-coronavirus days is stark and not comforting.
In the past, my self-isolating homework was interspersed with trips to the U.N. to attend press conferences, special events, socializing and gossiping with colleagues. It was easy to move around in the city or travel to out-of-the way places in search of a story.
But that was then, and this is now. Like everyone else, I am learning how to maneuver in a virtual world.
In-person press conferences have been replaced with virtual ones, presenting a number of drawbacks. For example, a few days ago, I plugged myself into a World Health Organization virtual press conference on the coronavirus pandemic.
In his opening remarks, WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said his greatest concern was the impact this deadly virus could have if it gained a foothold in countries with weaker health systems.
I immediately focused on sub-Saharan Africa, where cases of COVID-19 are rising. I quickly pressed *9 to ask a question. Unfortunately, with 277 journalists on line, many of whom also were queued up to ask a question, I didn't stand a chance-- no matter how furiously and frequently I pounded *9 on my keyboard.
One of my biggest regrets as a reporter in this atmosphere of caution and fear is my reduced ability to tell the stories of desperation that deserve to be heard but are being forgotten.
Catastrophic events with dire consequences for millions of civilians caught in conflict are playing out in silence. So are the tragedies of children dying from hunger and disease, of women being raped as a tactic of war, of refugees fleeing persecution and violence.
I have figured out that my best hope of shedding a bit of light on these dark corners of misery is by linking them with the COVID-19 pandemic, a singular threat dominating every aspect of our lives.
April 11, 2020 at 12:44AM
Rights Groups Call for Release of Reporters in Africa Amid COVID-19 Outbreak
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/3ecNFE0
Rights Groups Call for Release of Reporters in Africa Amid COVID-19 Outbreak
As the coronavirus spreads to all corners of the African continent, advocacy groups are calling for the release of a particularly vulnerable group: jailed journalists.
In an open letter to 10 African heads of state, the Committee to Protect Journalists, or CPJ, and 80 other press freedom and human rights groups called for the media professionals to be freed.
"They are in jails that are overcrowded, where there are underlying health conditions where malaria and TB is a problem," said Angela Quintal, CPJ's Africa program coordinator. "So really, their lives are at risk here and many of them actually haven't even been convicted and have been sitting in detention for years without trial."
In a survey conducted at the end of 2019, CPJ found that at least 73 journalists were in prisons in Africa including 26 in Egypt, 16 in Eritrea and seven in Cameroon. Some of the Eritrean journalists have been imprisoned since 2001.
"When it comes to journalists who are being held there, not because they have committed a crime but are being held because of their journalism, it is necessary to ensure that these journalists are not stuck with what we call a death sentence," Quintal said. "Their freedom is really a matter of life and death."
One person who knows these difficulties is Mimi Mefo Takambou, a print and broadcast journalist from Cameroon. In 2018, she was arrested and charged with reporting false information and undermining state security for a story about an American missionary who was shot and killed in the West African country.
She was imprisoned for four days, and saw firsthand the squalid conditions in which journalists are held in the country and the lack of basic rights.
"The sanitation condition is not a very good one; like I said, the situation of overcrowding in prison. Access to the lawyer sometimes is problematic. We've had colleagues who are behind bars, and they'll have to spend several months even before having access to lawyers," she told VOA.
Takambou says she believes it is wrong for journalists to be held like this, not only on moral grounds, but also because they play a vital role in covering the coronavirus crisis.
"They have a huge role to play at this point in time in informing the population and giving them what they need as far as steps toward curbing the spread of coronavirus is concerned. But if most of these journalists are behind bars, who is going to tell the story?" she asked.
Takambou says she hopes her country and others that continue to imprison journalists will see information and those who report it as part of the solution to the coronavirus, not part of the problem.
"Release them so that they can be able to do their job," she said. "The place of the journalist is not in jail; the place of the journalist is in the field, telling the story, keeping people informed. And, at this point in time now, they are needed more than ever before."
April 10, 2020 at 11:54PM
Eurogroup Strikes Half-Trillion Euro Deal to Help Members Cope with COVID-19
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/2JSTkBl
Eurogroup Strikes Half-Trillion Euro Deal to Help Members Cope with COVID-19
Finance ministers from the 19 eurozone countries Thursday agreed on a package worth more than half a trillion euros to help companies, workers and health care systems mitigate the economic consequences of the coronavirus outbreak.
Mario Centeno, president of the Eurogroup of eurozone ministers, called the package of measures "totally unprecedented."
"The package we approved today is of a size close to 4 percent of European GDP," he said. "Plus, the automatic stabilizers that are quite powerful to protect European economies in case of crisis. This is totally unprecedented. We have never ever reacted so quickly to a crisis as this one."
The measures provide for hard-hit Italy and Spain to quickly gain access to the eurozone's bailout fund for up to 240 billion euros, as long as the money is used for the needs of their health care systems.
Centeno said at a video news conference that countries are expected to identify enough health costs to access the money.
The credit line is available only for the duration of the COVID-19 outbreak and expires immediately after that.
The Eurogroup package also includes up to 200 billion euros in credit guarantees through the European Investment Bank to help companies stay afloat and 100 billion euros to offset lost wages for workers confined at home and others who are on reduced schedule.
However, the deal did not include shared borrowing guaranteed by all member countries to pay for the cost of the coronavirus crisis, a key demand from Italy, Spain, France and six other countries, but rejected by Germany, Austria and the Netherlands.
The finance ministers of Eurogroup left that issue open and up to national leaders of member countries as part of further negotiations on a possible fund to support the economic recovery in the longer term.
April 10, 2020 at 03:07PM
Pakistan Launches Relief Program for Families Suffering From COVID-19 Shutdown
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/3aZ0hg2
Pakistan Launches Relief Program for Families Suffering From COVID-19 Shutdown
Pakistan has begun delivering one-off cash payments of about $70 each to its 12 million poverty-stricken families, or roughly 80 million individuals, to alleviate the impact of the coronavirus-related economic shutdown in the country.
The roughly $90 million social protection response to the coronavirus was rolled out Thursday as the national tally of coronavirus infections increased to nearly 4,500, with at least 63 deaths.
Officials acknowledged the relatively low rate of cases, however, is because of the limited testing capacity, saying they expect the numbers to grow exponentially in coming days.
Pakistan detected its first case in late February and has since tested nearly 45,000 suspected patients.
"We anticipate our hospitals would come under immense pressure by the end of this month," Prime Minister Imran Khan warned in nationally televised remarks Thursday.
In addition to uplifting traditionally ill-equipped hospitals, the Pakistani government has turned about 1,800 three-star and four-star hotels in the country into quarantine centers for COVID-19 patients.
With train service suspended in Pakistan, railway officials have converted air-conditioned sleeper and business class cars into medical wards, with a total capacity of 2,000 hospital beds as part of preparation to meet national requirements in the event of a major outbreak.
Relief package for poor
The coronavirus lockdown and restrictions have severely affected low-income households in a country where those in this category earn on average less than $2 a day, according to the World Bank.
The government has been faced with the difficult challenge of tackling a major pandemic outbreak on the one hand, while also trying to keep the troubled economy going to prevent a humanitarian disaster.
In most parts of Pakistan, public gatherings have been banned, schools closed, and all businesses shuttered other than those selling groceries or medicine.
Khan promised the lockdown restrictions would be eased gradually in some sectors to help resume economic activity, though they largely would remain in place.
The prime minister noted that labor class, daily wage earners, vendors and small shopkeepers were being hit particularly hard by the economic shutdown and the government would review the situation next week. Khan hoped his emergency cash-transfer program would help mitigate the suffering of poor families.
Sania Nishtar, who heads the relief program, said the government has established 17,000 points across Pakistan that include special protective measures to facilitate the cash payments.
She noted that emerging evidence suggested the coronavirus reportedly could push half a billion people into poverty.
"The government of Pakistan has acted swiftly to extend social protection to 12 million families [80.4 million individuals]," Nishtar tweeted.
The government was using biometric technology, among other modern means, to deter misuse of the funding, she added.
Critics have hailed the economic relief initiative in a country where nearly 40 percent people live in poverty.
"The government has started the largest and most comprehensive program of providing financial support to the poor and marginalized segments of the society. This is an expression of compassion for the needy," said Raoof Hasan, the chief executive of Islamabad-based Regional Peace Institute.
April 10, 2020 at 02:48PM
Pass the Salt: The Minute Details that Helped Germany Build Virus Defenses
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/3c62yWL
Pass the Salt: The Minute Details that Helped Germany Build Virus Defenses
One January lunchtime in a car parts company, a worker turned to a colleague and asked to borrow the salt.
In that instant, they shared the coronavirus along with the saltshaker, scientists have since concluded.
That their exchange was documented at all is the result of intense scrutiny, part of a rare success story in the global fight against the virus.
The coworkers were early links in what was to be the first documented chain of multiple human-to-human transmissions outside Asia of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus.
They are based in Stockdorf, a German town of 4,000 near Munich in Bavaria, and they work at car parts supplier Webasto Group. The company was thrust under a global microscope after it disclosed that one of its employees, a Chinese woman, caught the virus and brought it to Webasto headquarters. There, it was passed to colleagues - including, scientists would learn, a person lunching in the canteen with whom the Chinese patient had no contact.
The January 22 canteen scene was one of dozens of mundane incidents that scientists have logged in a medical manhunt to trace, test and isolate infected workers so that the regional government of Bavaria could stop the virus from spreading.
That hunt has helped Germany win crucial time to build its COVID-19 defenses.
The time Germany bought may have saved lives, scientists say. Its first outbreak of locally transmitted COVID-19 began earlier than Italy's, but Germany has had many fewer deaths. Italy's first detected local transmission was on February 21. By then Germany had kicked off a health ministry information campaign and a government strategy to tackle the virus which would hinge on widespread testing. In Germany so far, more than 2,600 people have died of COVID-19. In Italy, with a smaller population, the total exceeds 18,200.
"We learned that we must meticulously trace chains of infection in order to interrupt them," Clemens Wendtner, the doctor who treated the Munich patients, told Reuters.
Wendtner teamed up with some of Germany's top scientists to tackle what became known as the "Munich cluster," and they advised the Bavarian government on how to respond. Bavaria led the way with the lockdowns, which went nationwide on March 22.
Scientists including England's Chief Medical Officer Chris Whitty have credited Germany's early, widespread testing with slowing the spread of the virus. "'We all know Germany got ahead in terms of its ability to do testing for the virus and there's a lot to learn from that,'" he said on TV earlier this week.
Christian Drosten, the top virologist at Berlin's Charite hospital, said Germany was helped by having a clear early cluster. "Because we had this Munich cohort right at the start ... it became clear that with a big push we could inhibit this spreading further," he said in a daily podcast for NDR radio on the coronavirus.
Drosten, who declined to be interviewed for this story, was one of more than 40 scientists involved in scrutiny of the cluster. Their work was documented in preliminary form in a working paper at the end of last month. The paper, not yet peer-reviewed, was shared on the NDR site.
Electronic diaries
It was on January 27, that Holger Engelmann, Webasto's CEO, told the authorities that one of his employees had tested positive for the new coronavirus. The woman, who was based in Shanghai, had facilitated several days of workshops and attended meetings at Webasto's HQ.
The woman's parents, from Wuhan, had visited her before she traveled on January 19 to Stockdorf, the paper said. While in Germany, she felt unusual chest and back aches and was tired for her whole stay. But she put the symptoms down to jet lag.
She became feverish on the return flight to China, tested positive after landing and was hospitalized. Her parents also later tested positive. She told her managers of the result and they emailed the CEO.
In Germany, Engelmann said he immediately set up a crisis team that alerted the medical authorities and started trying to trace staff members who had been in contact with their Chinese colleague.
The CEO himself was among them. "Just four or five days before I received the news, I had shaken hands with her," he said.
Now known as Germany's "Case No. 0," the Shanghai patient is a "long-standing, proven employee from project management" who Engelmann knows personally, he told Reuters. The company has not revealed her identity or that of others involved, saying anonymity has encouraged staff to cooperate in Germany's effort to contain the virus.
The task of finding who had contact with her was made easier by Webasto workers' electronic calendars – for the most part, all the doctors needed was to look at staff appointments.
"It was a stroke of luck," said Wendtner, the doctor who treated the Munich patients. "We got all the information we needed from the staff to reconstruct the chains of infection."
For example, case No. 1 - the first person in Germany to be infected by the Chinese woman - sat next to her in a meeting in a small room on January 20, the scientists wrote.
Where calendar data was incomplete, the scientists said, they were often able to use whole genome sequencing, which analyzes differences in the genetic code of the virus from different patients, to map its spread.
By following all these links, they discovered that case No. 4 had been in contact several times with the Shanghai patient. Then case No. 4 sat back-to-back with a colleague in the canteen.
When that colleague turned to borrow the salt, the scientists deduced, the virus passed between them. The colleague became case No. 5.
Webasto said on January 28 it was temporarily closing its Stockdorf site. Between January 27 and February 11, a total of 16 COVID-19 cases were identified in the Munich cluster. All but one were to develop symptoms.
All those who tested positive were sent to hospital so they could be observed and doctors could learn from the disease.
Bavaria closed down public life in mid-March. Germany has since closed schools, shops, restaurants, playgrounds and sports facilities, and many companies have shut to aid the cause.
Hammer and dance
This is not to say Germany has defeated COVID-19.
Its coronavirus death rate of 1.9 percent, based on data collated by Reuters, is the lowest among the countries most affected and compares with 12.6 percent in Italy. But experts say more deaths in Germany are inevitable.
"The death rate will rise," said Lothar Wieler, president of Germany's Robert Koch Institute for infectious diseases.
The difference between Germany and Italy is partly statistical: Germany's rate seems so much lower because it has tested widely. Germany has carried out more than 1.3 million tests, according to the Robert Koch Institute. It is now carrying out up to 500,000 tests a week, Drosten said. Italy has conducted more than 807,000 tests since February 21, according to its Civil Protection Agency. With a few local exceptions, Italy only tests people taken to hospital with clear and severe symptoms.
Germany's government is using the weeks gained by the Munich experience to double the number of intensive care beds from about 28,000. The country already has Europe's highest number of critical care beds per head of the population, according to a 2012 study.
Even that may not be enough, however. An Interior Ministry paper sent to other government departments on March 22 included a worst-case scenario with more than 1 million deaths.
Another scenario saw 12,000 deaths - with more testing after partial relaxation of restrictions. That scenario was dubbed "hammer and dance," a term coined by blogger Tomas Pueyo. It refers to the 'hammer' of quick aggressive measures for some weeks, including heavy social distancing, followed by the 'dance' of calibrating such measures depending on the transmission rate.
The German government paper argued that in the 'hammer and dance' scenario, the use of big data and location tracking is inevitable. Such monitoring is already proving controversial in Germany, where memories of the East German Stasi secret police and its informants are still fresh in the minds of many.
A subsequent draft action plan compiled by the government proposes the rapid tracing of infection chains, mandatory mask-wearing in public and limits on gatherings to help enable a phased return to normal life after Germany's lockdown. The government is backing the development of a smartphone app to help trace infections.
Germany has said it will reevaluate the lockdown after the Easter holiday; for the car parts maker at the heart of its first outbreak, the immediate crisis is over. Webasto's office has reopened.
All 16 people who caught COVID-19 there have recovered.
April 10, 2020 at 02:21PM
China calls Taiwan’s criticism against WHO ‘venomous’
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/2xaTEsq
China calls Taiwan's criticism against WHO 'venomous' China weighed in on the public feud between the World Health Organization and Taiwan Thursday and accused Taipei of "venomously" attacking the health body, and using the coronavirus in an attempt to seek independence, a report said.
April 10, 2020 at 02:11PM
List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe
【Move to another page】
Quote
https://ift.tt/2VkicXE
List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe
Jgefd: /* Notes and references */
This is a list of members of the [[1st Parliament of Zimbabwe]], which began in 1980 and expired in 1985. Per the [[Lancaster House Agreement]], 20 out of the 100 seats in the [[House of Assembly (Zimbabwe)|House of Assembly]] and 10 out of the 40 seats in the [[Senate of Zimbabwe|Senate]] were reserved for [[White people in Zimbabwe|white Zimbabweans]]. The 2nd Parliament's membership was set by the [[1980 Southern Rhodesian general election]], which gave [[ZANU–PF]] a nearly 57 percent majority of common seats in the House of Assembly, with [[Zimbabwe African People's Union|PF–ZAPU]] taking most of the remaining seats. The 20 seats reserved for whites were initially all held by the conservative [[Rhodesian Front]], but a majority later became independents.
== Key ==
{| class="wikitable"
| style="background:#008000;" |
|[[ZANU–PF|Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front]] (ZANU–PF)
|-
| style="background:#DD0000;" |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|Zimbabwe African People's Union – Patriotic Front]] (ZAPU–PF)
|-
| style="background:;" |
|[[Rhodesian Front|Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe]] (CAZ)[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-rhodesianfront-1|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 1]</span>]]
|-
| style="background:#000000;" |
|[[United African National Council]] (UANC)
|-
|
|Independent
|}
== Composition ==
=== Senate ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Party
!Start
!End
|-
| style="background:#008000;" |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|18
|18
|-
| style="background:#DD0000;" |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|2
|2
|-
| style="background:;" |
|[[Rhodesian Front|CAZ]][[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-rhodesianfront-1|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 1]</span>]]
|10
|6
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-ind-2|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 2]</span>]]
|0
|4
|-
|
|Chiefs
|10
|10
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Total'''
|'''40'''
|'''40'''
|}
=== House of Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="3" |Date
! colspan="5" |Party
! rowspan="3" |Total
! rowspan="3" |Vacant
|-
!
!
!
!
!
|-
![[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|CAZ]][[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-caz-3|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 3]</span>]]
![[United African National Council|UANC]]
![[ZANU–PF]]
![[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
![[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-ind-2|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 2]</span>]]
|-
|14 May 1980 (opened)
|20
|3
|57
|20
|0
|100
|0
|-
|October 1980
|20
|3
|57
|19
|0
|99
|1
|-
|Late 1980<ref name=":0">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|19
|3
|57
|19
|0
|98
|2
|-
|Early 1981<ref name=":1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|19
|3
|57
|20
|0
|99
|1
|-
|January 1981<ref name=":0" />
|20
|3
|57
|20
|0
|100
|0
|-
|April 1981<ref name=":2">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|19
|3
|57
|20
|0
|99
|1
|-
|June 1981<ref name=":3">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|18
|3
|57
|20
|0
|98
|2
|-
|July 1981<ref name=":5">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|20
|3
|57
|20
|0
|100
|0
|-
|November 1981<ref name=":6">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name=":7">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|19
|3
|57
|20
|0
|99
|1
|-
|December 1981<ref name=":8">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|18
|3
|57
|20
|0
|98
|2
|-
|February 1982<ref name=":9">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|19
|3
|57
|20
|0
|99
|1
|-
|4 March 1982<ref name=":10">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|12
|3
|57
|20
|7
|99
|1
|-
|6 March 1982<ref name=":11">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|11
|3
|57
|20
|8
|99
|1
|-
|9 March 1982<ref name=":11" /><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|10
|3
|57
|20
|9
|99
|1
|-
|April 1982<ref name=":12">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|11
|3
|57
|20
|9
|100
|0
|-
|24 June 1982<ref name=":13">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|11
|3
|57
|19
|9
|99
|1
|-
|19 August 1982<ref name=":14">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|10
|3
|57
|18
|9
|98
|2
|-
|25 August 1982<ref name=":13" />
|10
|3
|57
|19
|9
|98
|2
|-
|Late 1982<ref name=":8" />
|9
|3
|56
|19
|9
|97
|3
|-
|18 January 1983<ref name=":15">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|10
|3
|57
|20
|9
|99
|1
|-
|19 April 1983<ref name=":16">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|10
|3
|57
|20
|10
|100
|0
|-
|Mid-1983<ref name=":4">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|9
|3
|57
|20
|10
|99
|1
|-
|30 September 1983<ref name=":4" />
|9
|3
|57
|20
|11
|100
|0
|-
|1 January 1984<ref name=":17">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|8
|3
|57
|20
|11
|99
|1
|-
|February 1984<ref name=":17" />
|8
|3
|57
|20
|12
|100
|0
|-
|1 October 1984<ref name=":18">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|8
|3
|57
|19
|12
|99
|1
|-
|October 1984<ref name=":19">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|8
|3
|56
|19
|12
|98
|2
|-
|December 1984<ref name=":20">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|7
|3
|56
|19
|12
|97
|3
|-
|1985<ref name=":21">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name=":22">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|6
|3
|56
|20
|13
|98
|2
|}
== Senate ==
=== Common seats ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Notes
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-makunde-28|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 4]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|Left office in 1982.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|Appointed 1980.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-ndlovu-31|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 5]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|Died 9 November 1984.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|
|-
|
|
|Chief
|Appointed before 1984.<ref name=":23">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief ([[United National Federal Party|UNFP]])
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
| colspan="4" |''Source:<ref name=":23" /><ref name=":24">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>''
|}
=== White seats ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
|Left office before 1984.<ref name=":23" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background:#000000;" |
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-grubb-35|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 6]</span>]]
|
|Independent
|Elected 20 May 1983.<ref name=":25">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-hamilton-37|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 7]</span>]]
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
|Resigned in September 1980.<ref name=":26">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |<blockquote>Left office before 1984.<ref name=":23" /></blockquote>
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|
|Independent<ref name=":23" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="2" |Elected after 1980.<ref name=":24" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
|
|
|Independent
|Elected 19 April 1983.<ref name=":25" />
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-scott-39|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 8]</span>]]
|
|Independent
|Elected 17 August 1982.<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":27">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-savage-41|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 9]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |Died 2 April 1983.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-wilson-43|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 10]</span>]]
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="2" |Sworn in 11 February 1981;<ref name=":26" /> resigned 1982.<ref name=":27" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|}
== House of Assembly ==
=== Common seats ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Province
!Notes
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background:;" |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background:;" |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland Central Province|Mashonaland Central]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland Central Province|Mashonaland Central]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland Central Province|Mashonaland Central]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland Central Province|Mashonaland Central]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland Central Province|Mashonaland Central]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland Central Province|Mashonaland Central]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|Sworn in 18 January 1983.<ref name=":15" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[United African National Council|UANC]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[United African National Council|UANC]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-chambati-44|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 11]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|Resigned October 1980.
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-chinamano-45|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 12]</span>]]
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|Appointed 1981;<ref name=":1" /> died 1 October 1984.<ref name=":18" />
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-mano-46|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 13]</span>]]
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|Appointed 1985.<ref name=":22" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[United African National Council|UANC]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|Died 24 June 1982.<ref name=":13" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|Died 19 November 1984.
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-mutanga-47|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 14]</span>]]
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|Sworn in 25 August 1982.<ref name=":13" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-ndlovu-31|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 5]</span>]]
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|Expelled 19 August 1982.<ref name=":14" />
|-
|
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|Sworn in 18 January 1983.<ref name=":15" />
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-victoria-49|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[n 1]</span>]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|Convicted October 1984.<ref name=":19" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
| colspan="5" |''Source:<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>''
|}
=== White seats ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Constituency
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Avondale (parliamentary constituency)|Avondale]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":11" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
|[[Borrowdale (parliamentary constituency)|Borrowdale]]
|Resigned April 1981.<ref name=":2" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-probert-52|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 17]</span>]]
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Borrowdale (parliamentary constituency)|Borrowdale]]
| rowspan="2" |Elected July 1981.<ref name=":5" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Bulawayo Central]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-walker-53|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 18]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bulawayo North]]
| rowspan="2" |Expelled 19 August 1982.<ref name=":14" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-cumming-54|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 19]</span>]]
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bulawayo North]]
| rowspan="2" |Sworn in 18 January 1983.<ref name=":15" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-stuttaford-55|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 20]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bulawayo South]]
| rowspan="2" |Arrested December 1981; convicted 1982.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-nixon-56|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 21]</span>]]
|
|Independent
|[[Bulawayo South]]
|Sworn in 19 April 1983.<ref name=":16" /><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-cronje-58|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 22]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Central (parliamentary constituency)|Central]]
| rowspan="2" |Resigned November 1981.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-berkhout-59|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 23]</span>]]
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Central (parliamentary constituency)|Central]]
| rowspan="2" |Elected February 1982.<ref name=":9" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background:;" |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Eastern (parliamentary constituency)|Eastern]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gatooma–Hartley]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Hatfield (parliamentary constituency)|Hatfield]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
|
| style="background:;" |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
|[[Highlands (parliamentary constituency)|Highlands]]
|Resigned 1980.<ref name=":0" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-thrush-60|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 24]</span>]]
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Highlands (parliamentary constituency)|Highlands]]
| rowspan="3" |Elected January 1981.<ref name=":0" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Kopje (parliamentary constituency)|Kopje]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-goddard-61|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 25]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Lundi (parliamentary constituency)|Lundi]]
| rowspan="2" |Died 1 January 1984.<ref name=":17" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|
|Independent
|[[Lundi (parliamentary constituency)|Lundi]]
|Elected February 1984.<ref name=":17" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-tapson-62|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 26]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Makoni (parliamentary constituency)|Makoni]]
| rowspan="2" |Resigned 1983.<ref name=":4" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|
|Independent
|[[Makoni (parliamentary constituency)|Makoni]]
|Elected October 1983.<ref name=":4" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Marlborough (Zimbabwean parliamentary constituency)|Marlborough]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
|[[Mazoe–Mtoko]]
|Resigned June 1981.<ref name=":3" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-york-63|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 27]</span>]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-rhodesianfront-1|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[n 1]</span>]]
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Mazoe–Mtoko]]
| rowspan="3" |Elected July 1981.<ref name=":5" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":21" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Midlands (parliamentary constituency)|Midlands]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Mount Pleasant (parliamentary constituency)|Mount Pleasant]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Northern (parliamentary constituency)|Northern]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Southern (parliamentary constituency)|Southern]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-moseley-64|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 28]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Western (parliamentary constituency)|Western]]
| rowspan="2" |Resigned December 1891.<ref name=":8" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-chalmers-65|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 29]</span>]]
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Western (parliamentary constituency)|Western]]
| rowspan="2" |Elected April 1982;<ref name=":12" /> resigned December 1984.<ref name=":20" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|}
== Notes and references ==
=== Notes ===
=== References ===
<references />
== Key ==
{| class="wikitable"
| style="background:#008000;" |
|[[ZANU–PF|Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front]] (ZANU–PF)
|-
| style="background:#DD0000;" |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|Zimbabwe African People's Union – Patriotic Front]] (ZAPU–PF)
|-
| style="background:;" |
|[[Rhodesian Front|Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe]] (CAZ)[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-rhodesianfront-1|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 1]</span>]]
|-
| style="background:#000000;" |
|[[United African National Council]] (UANC)
|-
|
|Independent
|}
== Composition ==
=== Senate ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Party
!Start
!End
|-
| style="background:#008000;" |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|18
|18
|-
| style="background:#DD0000;" |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|2
|2
|-
| style="background:;" |
|[[Rhodesian Front|CAZ]][[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-rhodesianfront-1|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 1]</span>]]
|10
|6
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-ind-2|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 2]</span>]]
|0
|4
|-
|
|Chiefs
|10
|10
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Total'''
|'''40'''
|'''40'''
|}
=== House of Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="3" |Date
! colspan="5" |Party
! rowspan="3" |Total
! rowspan="3" |Vacant
|-
!
!
!
!
!
|-
![[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|CAZ]][[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-caz-3|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 3]</span>]]
![[United African National Council|UANC]]
![[ZANU–PF]]
![[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
![[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-ind-2|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 2]</span>]]
|-
|14 May 1980 (opened)
|20
|3
|57
|20
|0
|100
|0
|-
|October 1980
|20
|3
|57
|19
|0
|99
|1
|-
|Late 1980<ref name=":0">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|19
|3
|57
|19
|0
|98
|2
|-
|Early 1981<ref name=":1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|19
|3
|57
|20
|0
|99
|1
|-
|January 1981<ref name=":0" />
|20
|3
|57
|20
|0
|100
|0
|-
|April 1981<ref name=":2">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|19
|3
|57
|20
|0
|99
|1
|-
|June 1981<ref name=":3">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|18
|3
|57
|20
|0
|98
|2
|-
|July 1981<ref name=":5">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|20
|3
|57
|20
|0
|100
|0
|-
|November 1981<ref name=":6">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name=":7">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|19
|3
|57
|20
|0
|99
|1
|-
|December 1981<ref name=":8">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|18
|3
|57
|20
|0
|98
|2
|-
|February 1982<ref name=":9">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|19
|3
|57
|20
|0
|99
|1
|-
|4 March 1982<ref name=":10">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|12
|3
|57
|20
|7
|99
|1
|-
|6 March 1982<ref name=":11">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|11
|3
|57
|20
|8
|99
|1
|-
|9 March 1982<ref name=":11" /><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|10
|3
|57
|20
|9
|99
|1
|-
|April 1982<ref name=":12">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|11
|3
|57
|20
|9
|100
|0
|-
|24 June 1982<ref name=":13">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|11
|3
|57
|19
|9
|99
|1
|-
|19 August 1982<ref name=":14">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|10
|3
|57
|18
|9
|98
|2
|-
|25 August 1982<ref name=":13" />
|10
|3
|57
|19
|9
|98
|2
|-
|Late 1982<ref name=":8" />
|9
|3
|56
|19
|9
|97
|3
|-
|18 January 1983<ref name=":15">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|10
|3
|57
|20
|9
|99
|1
|-
|19 April 1983<ref name=":16">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|10
|3
|57
|20
|10
|100
|0
|-
|Mid-1983<ref name=":4">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|9
|3
|57
|20
|10
|99
|1
|-
|30 September 1983<ref name=":4" />
|9
|3
|57
|20
|11
|100
|0
|-
|1 January 1984<ref name=":17">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|8
|3
|57
|20
|11
|99
|1
|-
|February 1984<ref name=":17" />
|8
|3
|57
|20
|12
|100
|0
|-
|1 October 1984<ref name=":18">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|8
|3
|57
|19
|12
|99
|1
|-
|October 1984<ref name=":19">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|8
|3
|56
|19
|12
|98
|2
|-
|December 1984<ref name=":20">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|7
|3
|56
|19
|12
|97
|3
|-
|1985<ref name=":21">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref><ref name=":22">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|6
|3
|56
|20
|13
|98
|2
|}
== Senate ==
=== Common seats ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Notes
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-makunde-28|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 4]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|Left office in 1982.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|Appointed 1980.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-ndlovu-31|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 5]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|Died 9 November 1984.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|
|-
|
|
|Chief
|Appointed before 1984.<ref name=":23">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief ([[United National Federal Party|UNFP]])
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|Chief
|
|-
| colspan="4" |''Source:<ref name=":23" /><ref name=":24">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>''
|}
=== White seats ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
|Left office before 1984.<ref name=":23" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background:#000000;" |
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-grubb-35|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 6]</span>]]
|
|Independent
|Elected 20 May 1983.<ref name=":25">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-hamilton-37|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 7]</span>]]
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
|Resigned in September 1980.<ref name=":26">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |<blockquote>Left office before 1984.<ref name=":23" /></blockquote>
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|
|Independent<ref name=":23" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="2" |Elected after 1980.<ref name=":24" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
|
|
|Independent
|Elected 19 April 1983.<ref name=":25" />
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-scott-39|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 8]</span>]]
|
|Independent
|Elected 17 August 1982.<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":27">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-savage-41|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 9]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |Died 2 April 1983.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-wilson-43|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 10]</span>]]
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]] <ref name=":23" />
| rowspan="2" |Sworn in 11 February 1981;<ref name=":26" /> resigned 1982.<ref name=":27" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]] <ref name=":23" />
|}
== House of Assembly ==
=== Common seats ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Province
!Notes
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background:;" |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background:;" |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Manicaland Province|Manicaland]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland Central Province|Mashonaland Central]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland Central Province|Mashonaland Central]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland Central Province|Mashonaland Central]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland Central Province|Mashonaland Central]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland Central Province|Mashonaland Central]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland Central Province|Mashonaland Central]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|Sworn in 18 January 1983.<ref name=":15" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[United African National Council|UANC]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[United African National Council|UANC]]
|[[Mashonaland East Province|Mashonaland East]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-chambati-44|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 11]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|Resigned October 1980.
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-chinamano-45|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 12]</span>]]
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|Appointed 1981;<ref name=":1" /> died 1 October 1984.<ref name=":18" />
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-mano-46|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 13]</span>]]
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|Appointed 1985.<ref name=":22" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[United African National Council|UANC]]
|[[Mashonaland West Province|Mashonaland West]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|Died 24 June 1982.<ref name=":13" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|Died 19 November 1984.
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-mutanga-47|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 14]</span>]]
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland North Province|Matabeleland North]]
|Sworn in 25 August 1982.<ref name=":13" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-ndlovu-31|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 5]</span>]]
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|Expelled 19 August 1982.<ref name=":14" />
|-
|
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Matabeleland South Province|Matabeleland South]]
|Sworn in 18 January 1983.<ref name=":15" />
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[Zimbabwe African People's Union|ZAPU–PF]]
|[[Midlands Province|Midlands]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-victoria-49|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[n 1]</span>]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
|
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|Convicted October 1984.<ref name=":19" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[ZANU–PF]]
|[[Masvingo Province|Victoria]]
|
|-
| colspan="5" |''Source:<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>''
|}
=== White seats ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Constituency
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Avondale (parliamentary constituency)|Avondale]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":11" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
|[[Borrowdale (parliamentary constituency)|Borrowdale]]
|Resigned April 1981.<ref name=":2" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-probert-52|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 17]</span>]]
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Borrowdale (parliamentary constituency)|Borrowdale]]
| rowspan="2" |Elected July 1981.<ref name=":5" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Bulawayo Central]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-walker-53|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 18]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bulawayo North]]
| rowspan="2" |Expelled 19 August 1982.<ref name=":14" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-cumming-54|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 19]</span>]]
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bulawayo North]]
| rowspan="2" |Sworn in 18 January 1983.<ref name=":15" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-stuttaford-55|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 20]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bulawayo South]]
| rowspan="2" |Arrested December 1981; convicted 1982.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-nixon-56|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 21]</span>]]
|
|Independent
|[[Bulawayo South]]
|Sworn in 19 April 1983.<ref name=":16" /><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-cronje-58|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 22]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Central (parliamentary constituency)|Central]]
| rowspan="2" |Resigned November 1981.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-berkhout-59|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 23]</span>]]
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Central (parliamentary constituency)|Central]]
| rowspan="2" |Elected February 1982.<ref name=":9" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background:;" |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Eastern (parliamentary constituency)|Eastern]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gatooma–Hartley]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Hatfield (parliamentary constituency)|Hatfield]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
|
| style="background:;" |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
|[[Highlands (parliamentary constituency)|Highlands]]
|Resigned 1980.<ref name=":0" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-thrush-60|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 24]</span>]]
|
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Highlands (parliamentary constituency)|Highlands]]
| rowspan="3" |Elected January 1981.<ref name=":0" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Kopje (parliamentary constituency)|Kopje]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-goddard-61|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 25]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Lundi (parliamentary constituency)|Lundi]]
| rowspan="2" |Died 1 January 1984.<ref name=":17" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|
|Independent
|[[Lundi (parliamentary constituency)|Lundi]]
|Elected February 1984.<ref name=":17" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-tapson-62|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 26]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Makoni (parliamentary constituency)|Makoni]]
| rowspan="2" |Resigned 1983.<ref name=":4" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|
|Independent
|[[Makoni (parliamentary constituency)|Makoni]]
|Elected October 1983.<ref name=":4" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Marlborough (Zimbabwean parliamentary constituency)|Marlborough]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
|
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
|[[Mazoe–Mtoko]]
|Resigned June 1981.<ref name=":3" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-york-63|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 27]</span>]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-rhodesianfront-1|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[n 1]</span>]]
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Mazoe–Mtoko]]
| rowspan="3" |Elected July 1981.<ref name=":5" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":21" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Midlands (parliamentary constituency)|Midlands]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Mount Pleasant (parliamentary constituency)|Mount Pleasant]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Northern (parliamentary constituency)|Northern]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|Independent <ref name=":10" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Southern (parliamentary constituency)|Southern]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-moseley-64|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 28]</span>]]
| style="background-color: " |
|[[Rhodesian Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Western (parliamentary constituency)|Western]]
| rowspan="2" |Resigned December 1891.<ref name=":8" />
|-
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Masvingo Province|]][[List of members of the 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe#cite%20note-chalmers-65|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[note 29]</span>]]
|
|[[Republican Front (Zimbabwe)|Republican Front]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Western (parliamentary constituency)|Western]]
| rowspan="2" |Elected April 1982;<ref name=":12" /> resigned December 1984.<ref name=":20" />
|-
|
|[[Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe|Conservative Alliance]]
|}
== Notes and references ==
=== Notes ===
=== References ===
<references />
April 10, 2020 at 02:03PM
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
人気の投稿
-
【Move to another page】 Quote https://ift.tt/30G7psi Sources: Purdue Pharma in Discussion on $10B-$12B Offer to Settle Opioid Lawsuits ...
-
【Move to another page】 Quote https://ift.tt/31Teg27 UN Security Council Discusses Kashmir Escalation Updated at 5:38 p.m. Aug. 16. ...
-
【Move to another page】 Quote https://ift.tt/2Z4vvM2 Sharon Osbourne discusses being the 'stability' her granddaughters need fo...
-
【Move to another page】 Quote https://ift.tt/2MmKKxJ Trump Discusses Status of Taliban Talks With National Security Team U.S. Preside...
-
【Move to another page】 Quote https://ift.tt/2N521ek Shark takes bite out of surfboard as Hawaii teen escapes attack by inches A 16-yea...
