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Irinjin
Cavidaga:
'''Irinjin''' or '''Irenjin''' (, ) was a powerful [[Keraites|Kerait]] emir in [[Ilkhanate]] and a viceroy of Anatolia.
== Life ==
He was a son of emir Sarija (his name could also be a misreading of George<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>) and a nephew of [[Doquz Khatun]], thus a great-grandson of [[Toghrul]]. His father arrived in [[Iran]] with [[Hulagu Khan|Hulagu]] and was buried in Nestorian church of [[Maragheh]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> He also had a sister called Toqtani or Toqiyatai (d. 1292) who successively married to [[Hulagu Khan|Hulagu]], [[Abaqa Khan|Abaqa]] and [[Qonqurtai]].<ref>L. J. Ward, "The Ẓafar-nāmah of Ḥamd Allāh Mustaufi and the Il-Khān dynasty of Iran," Ph.D. diss, p.204, University of Manchester, 1983.</ref>Another sister of his was Uruk Khatun, who was married to [[Arghun]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> He emerged as [[Baydu]]'s supporter when he released his son Kipchak from [[Gaykhatu]]'s court in 1295.
=== Rule in Anatolia ===
After accession of [[Öljaitü]], he was appointed as new viceroy of Anatolia in June 1305.<ref name=":0">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>His headquarters was centered in [[Niksar]]. Öljaitü's vizier Sa'd al-Daula Savaji appointed his nephew Sharaf al-Din Musafir as Irinjin's tax collector, Ahmad Lakushi as vizier<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> and emir Agacheri as his commander-in-chief. His monopolisation of duties and officies caused several officers and emirs to abandon their appointments, such as Ögedei, son of Shiktur Noyan of [[Jalairs]].<ref name=":0" /> He left his post in Anatolia temporarily in 1307 to join Öljaitü's campaign in [[Gilan Province|Gilan]].<ref>Ḥāfiz Abrū, Dhayl-i Jāmi'al-Tawārīkh-i Rāshidī, ed. Khānbābā Bāyānī ([[Tehran]]: Āsār-i Millī, 1972), p. 73</ref>
His rule in Anatolia was widely disapproved. In one occasion, he besieged a Turkish bey called Ilyas in [[Sultan Han]] with 20.000 Mongol soldiers, causing much damage. After end of battle, he demanded a compensation of 6000 [[Dirham|dirhams]] per soldier from ''[[Nazir (title)|mutawalli]]'' of Anatolian [[waqf]]<nowiki/>s [[:tr:Kerimüddin Mahmud-i Aksarayî|Karim ul-Din Aqsarai]].<ref></ref>His local proteges, for example, a Turkish bey called Shemgit-oglu was known to raid and murder shaykhs, nobles and notables in [[Aksaray]]. Another protege of his, [[Taghachar]]'s cousin [[Bilarghu]] had Armenian kings [[Hethum II, King of Armenia|Hetum II]] and [[Leo III, King of Armenia|Leo III]] executed in 1307. After Armenian insurrection, Bilarghu had to flee to Irinjin in [[Sivas]]. After numerous complains from locals and his inability to answer [[Karamanids|Karamanid]] invasion of [[Konya]], Irinjin was recalled from [[Anatolia]] in 1314.
He again gained favour when [[Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan|Abu Sa'id]] inherited Ilkhanate throne in 1316. Abu Sa'id's new regent Sevinch appointed Irinjin to governorate of [[Diyar Bakr]], but this soon changed after Sevinch's death in 1318. New regent [[Chupan]] while appointing his own son [[Timurtash]] in Irinjin's former post in Anatolia, recalled Amir Sutai to Diyar Bakr in 1318, leaving Irinjin out of Ilkhanate politics.
== Revolt in 1319 ==
Irinjin's rivalry with Chupan, led to his adjoin of Qurumushi, another Kerait emir and commander of Mongol garrison in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. Apart being both Keraites, Qurumushi and Irinjin were both related to il-khan [[Tekuder]] by marriage. Qurumushi revolted after his rebukal by Chupan, because of him not coming to aid of Abu Sa'id against invasion of [[Öz Beg Khan|Ozbeg]] of [[Golden Horde]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>Chupan's subordinate Toqmaq also defected to rebel side, because of his old rivalry with [[Demasq Kaja]], son of Chupan. Irinjin's daughter Tursin's hand was sought by Toqmaq, but eventually was married to Demasq Khaja on the orders of [[Öljaitü]]. Irinjin's son Shaykh Ali was Abu Sa'id's favorite and his falconer<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> since his governorate in [[Khorasan Province|Khorasan]], which led some researchers to believe revolt was indeed orchestrated by Abu Sa'id himself who wanted to get rid of Chupan. Qurumushi's 40.000 strong rebel army caught Chupan with his two sons and 2000 strong entourage unguarded near [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and caused him to flee, this was when Irinjin openly joined the revolt.
When news of Chupan's defeat reached to [[Soltaniyeh]], Irinjin's son and daughter agreed to plunder the belongings of Demasq Kaja, but was prevented from killing him by Ögrünch, Uyghur emir. Irinjin on his part, pillaged Timurtash's belongings in Anatolia. Rebel armies merged near [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]] and set course to Abu Sa'id's main army soon later. Ilkhanate armies were commanded by Abu Sa'id himself on centre with Ögrünch and Chupan, while his [[Oirats|Oirat]] uncles Ali Padshah and Muhammad was positioned on left wing. Right wing was commanded by Mahmud b. Esen Qutluq and Shayk Ali b. Ali Qushchi. On their part, Irinjin was commanding center on rebel side with his wife Princess Könchek, emir Toqmaq and his brother Aras were commanding left, while Qurumushi commanded right flank. A last second peace attempt by Qutluqshah, Irinjin's wife was in vain. A decisive battle was fought on 20 June 1319 near [[Mianeh, East Azerbaijan|Mianeh]] with Ilkhanate victory. Irinjin was captured in vicinity of Kaghazkunan, near [[Khalkhal County|Khalkhal]].
=== Aftermath ===
During trial at Soltaniyeh, Irinjin claimed that he was acting on Abu Sa'id's orders, a claim he rejected. He was executed in Soltaniyeh with a skewer driven up from his chin to brain. Irinjin's body was displayed for 2-3 days and his decapitated head was sent around Ilkhanate provinces. His 15 year old son Vafadar were also decapitated, while his wife Könchek was trampled to death by horses. In total 36 emirs and 7 khatuns were executed, including Amir Toqmaq, Qurumishi, Princess Könchek (daughter of [[Tekuder]]) and Irinjin. Qutluqshah Khatun was spared and married off to Pulad Qiya, a brother of Amir Ordu Qiya. Shaykh Ali was already executed before battle.<ref></ref>
== Religion ==
Irinjin was a [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]] and likewise, had Christian family. His family was interred at Mar Shalita church of [[Maragheh]], to which he donated a revenue of a village and prevented it from being converted to a mosque.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>He was also reported to be a close friend of [[Yahballaha III|Mar Yahballaha III]].
== Family ==
He was married to [[Tekuder]]'s daughter Könchek Khatun (d. 1319) and had more wives including a certain Sarijah with whom he had several offsprings:
# Shaykh Ali (d. 1319) — married to a daughter of Essen Qutluqh on 28 April 1305
# Qutluqshah Khatun — betrothed 18 March 1305, m. 20 June 1305 to [[Öljaitü]], then Pulad Qiya
# Tursin Khatun (d. 1324) — married to [[Demasq Kaja]]
# Vafadar (1304 - 1319)
Through his daughter Tursin Khatun, he became ancestor of [[Jalairid Sultanate|Jalayirids]] on the maternal side.
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:1319 deaths]]
[[Category:Generals of the Mongol Empire]]
[[Category:People of the Ilkhanate]]
[[Category:Nestorians]]
April 11, 2020 at 08:15AM
