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Peretz Rosenberg
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'''Peretz Rosenberg''' (; September 11,1919 - October 25, 2008) was one of the early parachutists of pre-state [[Israel]]. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHIQI Secret Intelligence and the Holocaust: Collected Essays from the Colloquium at the City University of New York]</ref> As the radio operator of special forces leader [[William Deakin]], he was parachuted into Yugoslavia in 1943 on a mission to reach the headquarters of Tito. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2D0ICne A brave fighter, [[Jerusalem Post]]]</ref>After World War II, he became head of the clandestine radio service of the [[Haganah]]. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHJUM Beacons in the Night: With the OSS and Tito's Partisans in Wartime Yugoslavia, Franklin Lindsay and John Kenneth Galbraith]</ref>
Rosenberg was the inventor of many agricultural water-saving devices. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2D0IELS Fluid-flow control device particularly useful as a drip–irrigation emitter]</ref>
==Biography==
Peretz Rosenberg was born in Hungary while his parents, Yechiel Meir and Hella Rosenberg from [[Płońsk]], Poland, were passing through en route to [[Palestine]] in 1919. [[David Ben-Gurion]], later prime minister of Israel, was a frequent guest at his grandfather's house. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHZDe האלחוטאי של טיטו]</ref> The family settled in [[Jerusalem]] and then [[Tel Aviv]].
Rosenberg attended [[Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium]] and joined the [[Haganah]] at the age of 16 where he gained expertise in wireless communications. In May 1939, he was sent to Romania as part of the Haganah's Gideonim unit to join the crew of the S.S. Atrato 7, an [[Aliyah Bet|illegal immigration]] ship eventually seized by the British Mandate authorities near the coast at [[Shefayim]] and forced to sail to [[Haifa]]. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2D0IFiU David Ben-Gurion: Politics and Leadership in Israel, Ronald W. Zweig]</ref> Rosenberg managed to evade arrest by escaping in a supply van. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHZDe האלחוטאי של טיטו]</ref>
Rosenberg married Sarah Livne, daughter of [[Hebrew]] children's book writer [[Zvi Lieberman]]. The couple had three children, two boys and a girl. Their eldest son, Gideon, a physicist, was named for the Gideonim unit. The family initially lived in Moshav [[Nahalal]], moving to a home of their own in [[Beit Shearim]] a few years later.
==Military and security career==
As the German [[Afrika Corps]] approached Palestine and the country prepared for a possible German invasion (a period later known in Israel as the [[200 days of dread]]), Rosenberg joined a group of twenty radio operators to hone his knowledge of [[Morse code]] in a training course of the Palestine Scheme (also known as the [[Moshe Dayan]] network), <ref>[http://ift.tt/2Dxcs3F Moshe Dayan: Story of My Life]</ref> which operated under British auspices.
In 1942, Rosenberg volunteered for the British army and traveled to British headquarters in Cairo together with Yaakov Shapira and [[Rehavam Amir]] to train Serbo-Croatian agents who were being sent to parachute behind enemy lines as part of the World War II [[British Commando operations during the Second World War|British Commando operations]]. In February 1943, Rosenberg became an instructor at the signals training school in Egypt.<ref>[http://ift.tt/2D0IGmY Intelligence for Peace: The Role of Intelligence in Times of Peace, edited by Hesi Carmel]</ref>The head of the [[Jewish Agency]] in Cairo instructed him to obtain information about the fate of [[History of the Jews in Serbia|Jewish communities in Yugoslavia]]. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHJUM Beacons in the Night: With the OSS and Tito's Partisans in Wartime Yugoslavia, Franklin Lindsay and John Kenneth Galbraith]</ref>
In May 1943, after undergoing paratrooper training, Rosenberg, using the code name "Corporal Rose," was dropped in the vicinity of [[Zabljak]] in the [[Durmitor]] mountain range in Montenegro. He was part of a British commando and intelligence force under William Deakin tasked with linking up with the partisan group commanded by [[Josip Broz Tito]], later president of Yugoslavia. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHM2U Walter R. Roberts, Tito Mihailović, and the Allies, 1941-1945, p. 117]</ref>
Rosenberg served as the radio operator of the unit. It was the first joint [[Special Operations Executive|SOE-SIS]] (Secret Intelligence Service) mission to Tito. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2D0IHr2 The Jewish Paratroopers and the Partisans in Yugoslavia: Yugoslav Perceptions and Recollections 1944-1945, Jovan Culibrk and Seth J. Frantzman]</ref>
In the mission, codenamed [[Operation Typical]], six soldiers flew from [[Derna, Libya|Derna]] airfield on 27 May 27, 1943 and parachuted to [[Black Lake (Montenegro)|Black Lake]] in [[Montenegro]] at the height of the German offensive known as [[Case Black]] ("Operation Schwarz") whose objective was to destroy the partisan forces. The group was led by Colonel William Deakin and Captain William F Stuart, together with two radio operators, Walter Wroughton and Rosenberg. <ref> , Deakin, pp. 216-217</ref><ref> , Maclean, pp. 320-322</ref>
Due to his technical expertise, Rosenberg helped Tito's men maintain their communications equipment, which led to the establishment of close ties.
In November 1943, Rosenberg attended the second conference of the [[Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia]] in the Bosnian town of [[Jajce]] where Tito proclaimed the council the supreme executive authority of Yugoslavia. From the conference, Rosenberg traveled back to the Adriatic coast with a group of wounded partisans. They boarded a British torpedo boat that took them to southern Italy, and from there they flew to Cairo. Rosenberg returned to [[Nahalal]], where he was living at the time. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2Dvr83u Reuven Shiloah - the Man Behind the Mossad: Secret Diplomacy in the Creation of Israel, Haggai Eshed]</ref>
After the establishment of the State of Israel, when the [[Israel Police]] was formed, Rosenberg was appointed head of communications operations. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHZDe האלחוטאי של טיטו]</ref>
==Arms development==
In the early days of Israel's [[1948 Arab-Israeli War|War of Independence]], Rosenberg served in the Science Corps of the [[Israel Defense Force]] and engaged in arms development. [[Aharon Remez]], the first commander of the [[Israeli Air Force]], requested his assistance in establishing a wireless communications system for aircraft. He was credited with the successful landing of a plane transporting weapons, Balak 1, at an abandoned British airstrip at Beit Daras in March 1948. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHZDe האלחוטאי של טיטו]</ref>
==Water conservation devices==
Upon completing his electronic engineering studies at the [[Technion]], Rosenberg returned to farming at Beit Shearim and began to design devices for irrigation and water conservation. One of his inventions was a timer for water taps which closed the tap automatically at a preset time, or shut down if low pressure was detected due to a burst pipe.
Rosenberg went on to found Ein-Tal, a company specializing in advanced irrigation solutions for greenhouses, orchards and open field agriculture in arid and semi-arid climates. The company, later taken over by his son, is based in [[Caesarea]]. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2D4zfCI Rain-Tal Ltd., Company overview]</ref>
==References==
==See also==
*[[Jewish Parachutists of Mandate Palestine]]
*[[List of Israeli inventions and discoveries]]
*[[Science and technology in Israel]]
*[[Mossad LeAliyah Bet]]
==Further reading==
• Yonadav Navon, "The First Israeli Parachutist," ''Bamakhane,'' June 11, 1968 (Hebrew)
• Mordechai Naor, "Tito As I Knew Him," ''Bamakhane,'' February 22, 1980 (Hebrew)
• Uri Dromi, "In Memoriam: Tito's radio operator," Haaretz,'' December 21, 2008 (Hebrew)
• Uri Dromi, "Tito's radio operator," "Haaretz," January 6, 2009 (Hebrew)
*[http://ift.tt/2DuHN6Y Perfect Heroes: The World War II Parachutists and the Making of Israeli Collective Memory, Judith Tydor Baumel-Schwartz]
*Teddy Preuss, "Tito and Peretz Rosenberg," "Davar," July 26, 1977 (Hebrew)
* "Member of Moshav Beit She'arim invents automatic water tap," ''Ma'ariv,'' September 8, 1965
# Shai Horev, Ships Before Dawn - Lexicon of Clandestine Immigration 1934 - 1948, Pardes Publishing, 2004, p. 48 (Hebrew)
# Munia Adam, A Brave Connection: The Haganah's Communication Service, Ministry of Defense Press, 1986, p. 152 (Hebrew)
# Uri Dromi, ?, Haaretz, December 21, 2012 (Hebrew)
# Uri Milstein, The History of the Paratroopers: From the War of Independence to the Lebanon War, Tel Aviv: Shalgi Press, 1985-1987, p. 37 (Hebrew)
[[Category: Radio operators]]
[[Category: Parachutists]]
[[Category: Haganah members]]
[[Category: Israeli inventors]]
Rosenberg was the inventor of many agricultural water-saving devices. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2D0IELS Fluid-flow control device particularly useful as a drip–irrigation emitter]</ref>
==Biography==
Peretz Rosenberg was born in Hungary while his parents, Yechiel Meir and Hella Rosenberg from [[Płońsk]], Poland, were passing through en route to [[Palestine]] in 1919. [[David Ben-Gurion]], later prime minister of Israel, was a frequent guest at his grandfather's house. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHZDe האלחוטאי של טיטו]</ref> The family settled in [[Jerusalem]] and then [[Tel Aviv]].
Rosenberg attended [[Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium]] and joined the [[Haganah]] at the age of 16 where he gained expertise in wireless communications. In May 1939, he was sent to Romania as part of the Haganah's Gideonim unit to join the crew of the S.S. Atrato 7, an [[Aliyah Bet|illegal immigration]] ship eventually seized by the British Mandate authorities near the coast at [[Shefayim]] and forced to sail to [[Haifa]]. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2D0IFiU David Ben-Gurion: Politics and Leadership in Israel, Ronald W. Zweig]</ref> Rosenberg managed to evade arrest by escaping in a supply van. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHZDe האלחוטאי של טיטו]</ref>
Rosenberg married Sarah Livne, daughter of [[Hebrew]] children's book writer [[Zvi Lieberman]]. The couple had three children, two boys and a girl. Their eldest son, Gideon, a physicist, was named for the Gideonim unit. The family initially lived in Moshav [[Nahalal]], moving to a home of their own in [[Beit Shearim]] a few years later.
==Military and security career==
As the German [[Afrika Corps]] approached Palestine and the country prepared for a possible German invasion (a period later known in Israel as the [[200 days of dread]]), Rosenberg joined a group of twenty radio operators to hone his knowledge of [[Morse code]] in a training course of the Palestine Scheme (also known as the [[Moshe Dayan]] network), <ref>[http://ift.tt/2Dxcs3F Moshe Dayan: Story of My Life]</ref> which operated under British auspices.
In 1942, Rosenberg volunteered for the British army and traveled to British headquarters in Cairo together with Yaakov Shapira and [[Rehavam Amir]] to train Serbo-Croatian agents who were being sent to parachute behind enemy lines as part of the World War II [[British Commando operations during the Second World War|British Commando operations]]. In February 1943, Rosenberg became an instructor at the signals training school in Egypt.<ref>[http://ift.tt/2D0IGmY Intelligence for Peace: The Role of Intelligence in Times of Peace, edited by Hesi Carmel]</ref>The head of the [[Jewish Agency]] in Cairo instructed him to obtain information about the fate of [[History of the Jews in Serbia|Jewish communities in Yugoslavia]]. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHJUM Beacons in the Night: With the OSS and Tito's Partisans in Wartime Yugoslavia, Franklin Lindsay and John Kenneth Galbraith]</ref>
In May 1943, after undergoing paratrooper training, Rosenberg, using the code name "Corporal Rose," was dropped in the vicinity of [[Zabljak]] in the [[Durmitor]] mountain range in Montenegro. He was part of a British commando and intelligence force under William Deakin tasked with linking up with the partisan group commanded by [[Josip Broz Tito]], later president of Yugoslavia. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHM2U Walter R. Roberts, Tito Mihailović, and the Allies, 1941-1945, p. 117]</ref>
Rosenberg served as the radio operator of the unit. It was the first joint [[Special Operations Executive|SOE-SIS]] (Secret Intelligence Service) mission to Tito. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2D0IHr2 The Jewish Paratroopers and the Partisans in Yugoslavia: Yugoslav Perceptions and Recollections 1944-1945, Jovan Culibrk and Seth J. Frantzman]</ref>
In the mission, codenamed [[Operation Typical]], six soldiers flew from [[Derna, Libya|Derna]] airfield on 27 May 27, 1943 and parachuted to [[Black Lake (Montenegro)|Black Lake]] in [[Montenegro]] at the height of the German offensive known as [[Case Black]] ("Operation Schwarz") whose objective was to destroy the partisan forces. The group was led by Colonel William Deakin and Captain William F Stuart, together with two radio operators, Walter Wroughton and Rosenberg. <ref> , Deakin, pp. 216-217</ref><ref> , Maclean, pp. 320-322</ref>
Due to his technical expertise, Rosenberg helped Tito's men maintain their communications equipment, which led to the establishment of close ties.
In November 1943, Rosenberg attended the second conference of the [[Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia]] in the Bosnian town of [[Jajce]] where Tito proclaimed the council the supreme executive authority of Yugoslavia. From the conference, Rosenberg traveled back to the Adriatic coast with a group of wounded partisans. They boarded a British torpedo boat that took them to southern Italy, and from there they flew to Cairo. Rosenberg returned to [[Nahalal]], where he was living at the time. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2Dvr83u Reuven Shiloah - the Man Behind the Mossad: Secret Diplomacy in the Creation of Israel, Haggai Eshed]</ref>
After the establishment of the State of Israel, when the [[Israel Police]] was formed, Rosenberg was appointed head of communications operations. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHZDe האלחוטאי של טיטו]</ref>
==Arms development==
In the early days of Israel's [[1948 Arab-Israeli War|War of Independence]], Rosenberg served in the Science Corps of the [[Israel Defense Force]] and engaged in arms development. [[Aharon Remez]], the first commander of the [[Israeli Air Force]], requested his assistance in establishing a wireless communications system for aircraft. He was credited with the successful landing of a plane transporting weapons, Balak 1, at an abandoned British airstrip at Beit Daras in March 1948. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2DuHZDe האלחוטאי של טיטו]</ref>
==Water conservation devices==
Upon completing his electronic engineering studies at the [[Technion]], Rosenberg returned to farming at Beit Shearim and began to design devices for irrigation and water conservation. One of his inventions was a timer for water taps which closed the tap automatically at a preset time, or shut down if low pressure was detected due to a burst pipe.
Rosenberg went on to found Ein-Tal, a company specializing in advanced irrigation solutions for greenhouses, orchards and open field agriculture in arid and semi-arid climates. The company, later taken over by his son, is based in [[Caesarea]]. <ref>[http://ift.tt/2D4zfCI Rain-Tal Ltd., Company overview]</ref>
==References==
==See also==
*[[Jewish Parachutists of Mandate Palestine]]
*[[List of Israeli inventions and discoveries]]
*[[Science and technology in Israel]]
*[[Mossad LeAliyah Bet]]
==Further reading==
• Yonadav Navon, "The First Israeli Parachutist," ''Bamakhane,'' June 11, 1968 (Hebrew)
• Mordechai Naor, "Tito As I Knew Him," ''Bamakhane,'' February 22, 1980 (Hebrew)
• Uri Dromi, "In Memoriam: Tito's radio operator," Haaretz,'' December 21, 2008 (Hebrew)
• Uri Dromi, "Tito's radio operator," "Haaretz," January 6, 2009 (Hebrew)
*[http://ift.tt/2DuHN6Y Perfect Heroes: The World War II Parachutists and the Making of Israeli Collective Memory, Judith Tydor Baumel-Schwartz]
*Teddy Preuss, "Tito and Peretz Rosenberg," "Davar," July 26, 1977 (Hebrew)
* "Member of Moshav Beit She'arim invents automatic water tap," ''Ma'ariv,'' September 8, 1965
# Shai Horev, Ships Before Dawn - Lexicon of Clandestine Immigration 1934 - 1948, Pardes Publishing, 2004, p. 48 (Hebrew)
# Munia Adam, A Brave Connection: The Haganah's Communication Service, Ministry of Defense Press, 1986, p. 152 (Hebrew)
# Uri Dromi, ?, Haaretz, December 21, 2012 (Hebrew)
# Uri Milstein, The History of the Paratroopers: From the War of Independence to the Lebanon War, Tel Aviv: Shalgi Press, 1985-1987, p. 37 (Hebrew)
[[Category: Radio operators]]
[[Category: Parachutists]]
[[Category: Haganah members]]
[[Category: Israeli inventors]]
January 14, 2018 at 10:05PM
