【Move to another page】
Quote
http://bit.ly/2G08IuV
Psychological stress and Sleep
TiredDmnc: Created New page- Intend to expand significantly in next few days
Sleep is regulated by the [[suprachiasmatic nucleus]] of the [[hypothalamus]] in response to day and night cycles along with other hormones such as [[cortisol]], [[growth hormone]] and [[melatonin]]. <ref name=":0">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> The association between psychological stress and sleep is complex and not well understood. <ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
=== Immune mediation. ===
Observations have been made that there is an association between stress, sleep and Interleukin-6 proposing a possible mechanism for sleep changes.
Cytokines are also thought to play a role: During both chronic and acute phase sleep deprivation there are increases in the pro-inflammatory [[cytokine]] [[Interleukin 6|Interleukin-6]] (IL-6). Not only is IL-6 influenced by the [[circadian rhythm]] but its effectiveness is increased by sleep itself as there is an increase in serum [[Interleukin-6 receptor|IL-6 receptor]] during sleep. After periods of long sleep deprivation the first post-deprivation sleep shows a marked drop in IL-6 and an increase in [[Slow-wave sleep|Slow Wave Sleep]]. Similarly [[Nap|napping]] during the day time has been shown to decrease IL-6 and reduce tiredness <ref name=":0" /> When Human's are injected with [[exogenous]] IL-6 they display an increase in fatigue and other [[Sickness behavior|sickness behaviour.]] <ref name=":0" />
This IL-6 increase is also observed during times of increased psychological stress. In a laboratory setting, individuals exposed to psychological stressors have had raised IL-6 (and acute phase protein [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]) measured especially in those who displayed anger or anxiety in response to stressful stimulus.<ref name=":0" /> Just as the human body responds to inflammation-inducing illness with increased fatigue or reduced sleep quality, so too does it respond to psychological stress with a sickness behaviour of tiredness and poor sleep quality. While sleep is important for recovery from stress, as with an inflammatory illness, continuous and long term increases of inflammatory markers with its associated behaviours may be considered maladaptive. <ref name=":0" />
=== Stress and Sleep in a Military Context ===
Since the American Civil War there has been multiple "war syndromes" reported such as 'irritable heart', 'effort syndrome' and '[[Gulf War syndrome|Gulf War Syndrome]]'. Thought to be discrete and different from [[Posttraumatic stress disorder|post-traumatic stress disorder,]] these war syndromes have a range of physical symptoms but commonly feature sleep disturbances, tiredness, poor concentration and [[Nightmare|nightmares]]. The historic picture is unclear due to poor contemporary understanding of psychological illness and, in more modern conflicts, gathering data has been difficult due to operational priorities; no cause has been identified that isn't connected to psychological stress.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
<br />
<references />
=== Immune mediation. ===
Observations have been made that there is an association between stress, sleep and Interleukin-6 proposing a possible mechanism for sleep changes.
Cytokines are also thought to play a role: During both chronic and acute phase sleep deprivation there are increases in the pro-inflammatory [[cytokine]] [[Interleukin 6|Interleukin-6]] (IL-6). Not only is IL-6 influenced by the [[circadian rhythm]] but its effectiveness is increased by sleep itself as there is an increase in serum [[Interleukin-6 receptor|IL-6 receptor]] during sleep. After periods of long sleep deprivation the first post-deprivation sleep shows a marked drop in IL-6 and an increase in [[Slow-wave sleep|Slow Wave Sleep]]. Similarly [[Nap|napping]] during the day time has been shown to decrease IL-6 and reduce tiredness <ref name=":0" /> When Human's are injected with [[exogenous]] IL-6 they display an increase in fatigue and other [[Sickness behavior|sickness behaviour.]] <ref name=":0" />
This IL-6 increase is also observed during times of increased psychological stress. In a laboratory setting, individuals exposed to psychological stressors have had raised IL-6 (and acute phase protein [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]) measured especially in those who displayed anger or anxiety in response to stressful stimulus.<ref name=":0" /> Just as the human body responds to inflammation-inducing illness with increased fatigue or reduced sleep quality, so too does it respond to psychological stress with a sickness behaviour of tiredness and poor sleep quality. While sleep is important for recovery from stress, as with an inflammatory illness, continuous and long term increases of inflammatory markers with its associated behaviours may be considered maladaptive. <ref name=":0" />
=== Stress and Sleep in a Military Context ===
Since the American Civil War there has been multiple "war syndromes" reported such as 'irritable heart', 'effort syndrome' and '[[Gulf War syndrome|Gulf War Syndrome]]'. Thought to be discrete and different from [[Posttraumatic stress disorder|post-traumatic stress disorder,]] these war syndromes have a range of physical symptoms but commonly feature sleep disturbances, tiredness, poor concentration and [[Nightmare|nightmares]]. The historic picture is unclear due to poor contemporary understanding of psychological illness and, in more modern conflicts, gathering data has been difficult due to operational priorities; no cause has been identified that isn't connected to psychological stress.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
<br />
<references />
January 27, 2019 at 11:19PM
