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Populism in Oceania
MarkZusab: added links
During the 1990s, there was a growth in [[populism]] in both [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]].
== New Zealand ==
[[Robert Muldoon]], the [[List of Prime Ministers of New Zealand|31st Prime Minister of New Zealand]] from 1975 to 1984, had been cited as a populist leader who appealed to the common man and utilised a personality-driven campaign in the [[New Zealand general election, 1975|1975 election]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
[[File:Winston Peters, 2018.jpg|thumb|upright|Populist leader [[Winston Peters]] of the [[New Zealand First]] party]]
Populism has become a pervasive trend in [[New Zealand politics]] since the introduction of the [[mixed-member proportional]] voting system in 1996.<ref name="Mazzoleni">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> The [[New Zealand Labour Party]]'s populist appeals in its [[New Zealand general election, 1999|1999 election]] campaign and advertising helped to propel the party to victory in that election.<ref name="Boston">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Labour also articulated populism in its [[New Zealand general election, 2002|2002 election]] campaign, helping return the party to government, despise its being entrenched as part of the establishment under attack by other parties employing strongly populist strategies, drawing on their outsider status. Those parties—[[New Zealand First]] and [[United Future]]—benefited greatly in 2002 from running almost textbook populist advertising campaigns, which helped both parties increase their proportion of the [[party vote]] to levels unanticipated at the commencement of the election campaign.<ref name="Boston"/> The [[New Zealand National Party]] made limited attempts at articulating populism in its advertising, but suffered from the legacy of being part of the 1990s establishment.<ref name="Boston"/>
In preparation for the 2005 election, then-leader of the National Party [[Don Brash]] delivered the [[Orewa Speech]] in 2004 on allegations of Māori privilege. This speech has been labelled populist due to the polling beforehand which had revealed to the National Party that the topic of race relations was sensitive enough to sway voters, and its perceived intent to exploit long-held grievances in society.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> The success in the polls granted to the National Party by this speech led to the delivery of a speech dubbed "Orewa 2" the next year, this time on welfare dependency. This second attempt at a populist speech was less successful as voters perceived it as such.<ref></ref>
New Zealand First has presented a more lasting populist platform. Long-time party leader [[Winston Peters]] has been characterised by some as a populist who uses anti-establishment rhetoric,<ref name="Moore">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> though in a uniquely New Zealand style.<ref name="Landis-Albert">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> New Zealand First takes a centrist approach to economic issues,<ref name="Mazzoleni" /> typical of populist parties, while advocating conservative positions on social issues.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Political commentators dispute the party's classification on the ideological spectrum, but state that its dominant attribute is populism.<ref></ref> The party's strong [[opposition to immigration]], and policies that reflect that position, as well as its support for multiple popular [[referendums in New Zealand|referenda]], all typify its broadly populist approach. Peters has been criticised for reputedly inciting anti-immigration sentiment<ref name="Landis-Albert"/> and capitalising on immigration fears—he has highlighted the threat of immigration in both economic and cultural terms.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Some academics have even characterised New Zealand First as a [[right-wing populist]] party,<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> in common with parties such as [[UKIP]] in Britain.<ref name="Moore"/>
==References==
[[Category:Populism]]
== New Zealand ==
[[Robert Muldoon]], the [[List of Prime Ministers of New Zealand|31st Prime Minister of New Zealand]] from 1975 to 1984, had been cited as a populist leader who appealed to the common man and utilised a personality-driven campaign in the [[New Zealand general election, 1975|1975 election]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
[[File:Winston Peters, 2018.jpg|thumb|upright|Populist leader [[Winston Peters]] of the [[New Zealand First]] party]]
Populism has become a pervasive trend in [[New Zealand politics]] since the introduction of the [[mixed-member proportional]] voting system in 1996.<ref name="Mazzoleni">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> The [[New Zealand Labour Party]]'s populist appeals in its [[New Zealand general election, 1999|1999 election]] campaign and advertising helped to propel the party to victory in that election.<ref name="Boston">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Labour also articulated populism in its [[New Zealand general election, 2002|2002 election]] campaign, helping return the party to government, despise its being entrenched as part of the establishment under attack by other parties employing strongly populist strategies, drawing on their outsider status. Those parties—[[New Zealand First]] and [[United Future]]—benefited greatly in 2002 from running almost textbook populist advertising campaigns, which helped both parties increase their proportion of the [[party vote]] to levels unanticipated at the commencement of the election campaign.<ref name="Boston"/> The [[New Zealand National Party]] made limited attempts at articulating populism in its advertising, but suffered from the legacy of being part of the 1990s establishment.<ref name="Boston"/>
In preparation for the 2005 election, then-leader of the National Party [[Don Brash]] delivered the [[Orewa Speech]] in 2004 on allegations of Māori privilege. This speech has been labelled populist due to the polling beforehand which had revealed to the National Party that the topic of race relations was sensitive enough to sway voters, and its perceived intent to exploit long-held grievances in society.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> The success in the polls granted to the National Party by this speech led to the delivery of a speech dubbed "Orewa 2" the next year, this time on welfare dependency. This second attempt at a populist speech was less successful as voters perceived it as such.<ref></ref>
New Zealand First has presented a more lasting populist platform. Long-time party leader [[Winston Peters]] has been characterised by some as a populist who uses anti-establishment rhetoric,<ref name="Moore">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> though in a uniquely New Zealand style.<ref name="Landis-Albert">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> New Zealand First takes a centrist approach to economic issues,<ref name="Mazzoleni" /> typical of populist parties, while advocating conservative positions on social issues.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Political commentators dispute the party's classification on the ideological spectrum, but state that its dominant attribute is populism.<ref></ref> The party's strong [[opposition to immigration]], and policies that reflect that position, as well as its support for multiple popular [[referendums in New Zealand|referenda]], all typify its broadly populist approach. Peters has been criticised for reputedly inciting anti-immigration sentiment<ref name="Landis-Albert"/> and capitalising on immigration fears—he has highlighted the threat of immigration in both economic and cultural terms.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Some academics have even characterised New Zealand First as a [[right-wing populist]] party,<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> in common with parties such as [[UKIP]] in Britain.<ref name="Moore"/>
==References==
[[Category:Populism]]
April 28, 2019 at 12:22AM
