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Marianne Winder
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'''Marianne Winder''' (10 September 1918 –6 April 2001) was a British specialist in Middle High German and a librarian at the [[Institute of Germanic Studies]] at the [[University of London]].
Born in [[Tepliz]], the daughter of Ludwig Winder, she was associated for more than thirty years at the library of the Wellcome Institute of the History of Medicine where she was successively Assistant Librarian (1963-1970), Curator of Eastern printed manuscripts and books (1970-1978) and finally, after having retired, a Tibetan Medical Consultant (1978-2001).<ref name=Allan> Nigel Allan , 'Marianne Winder', ''Medical History'', Vol. 45, No. 4,October 2001, p. 533-535 (ISSN 0025-7273, PMID 16562323, PMCID PMCPMC1044426, read online, accessed September 28, 2019)</ref>
==Biography==
Marianne Winder was born in September 1918 in Tepliz in north-west of Prague, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire. She was the eldest of the two daughters of Ludwig Winder, a writer and literary critic, and Hedwig Winder. Her early life was bound up in the social milieu of the Jewish intelligentsia of Central Europe before its destruction during [[World War I]]. [[Franz Kafka]] was part of the Prague literary circle that included his father. When the political situation deteriorated in the 1930s the Winder family was forced to leave Prague to seek refuge in England.<ref name=Allan/> After the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, Winder fled on June 29, 1939, when he crossed the Polish border illegally with his family, his journey taking him across Poland and Scandinavia to England, where he arrived with his wife and daughter Marianne on July 13, 1939. His youngest daughter, and Marianne's younger sister, Eva, born in 1920, remained in Prague. She died in 1945 in the concentration camp at Bergen-Belsen]]. Six weeks after their arrival, the Winders were evacuated to [[Reigate]], where they lived in a refugee hostel. When the inn was closed in 1941, the family moved to [[Baldock]], then a small village in [[Hertfordshire]]. In the summer of 1941 Winder was diagnosed with coronary thrombosis . Ludwig Winder succumbed to his heart disease on 16 June 1946.
==Studies==
After the War, Marianne Winder began studying German at the [[University of London]]. On gaining her she obtained a post as tutor at the German section of the [[University of Nottingham]]. She completed a Master's thesis on the [[etymology]] of High Middle German words,an excerpt from which was published in 1952 as a supplement to [[Maurice Walshe]]'s dictionary, ''A Concise German Etymological Dictionary''.<ref name=Allan/>
==Career==
In 1953 Winder was appointed Assistant Librarian at the [[Institute of Germanic Studies]] at the [[University of London]], where she continued her research on German language and literature. She was interested in the writings of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance on astrology. She defended a thesis on German astrological books from 1452 to 1600 and graduated in 1963 with a degree in Librarianship from [[University College London]]. Her dissertation was published in 1966 in ''The Annals of Science''. At this time she accepted the position of Assistant Librarian at the [[Wellcome Institute]] for the History of Medicine]].<ref name=Allan/>
At the [[Wellcome Institute]] her linguistic knowledge proved to be very useful for cataloging the collection. She collaborated with Dr. Walter Pagel, a pathologist and medical historian, and co-authored with him several articles including 'Gnostiches bei Paracelsus und Konrad von Megenberg' in ''Fachliteratur des Mittlelalters'', (1968); 'Hervey and the Modern Concept of Disease', in ''The Bulletin of the History of Medicine'', (1968); 'The Eight of Adam and the Reluctant "Gnostic" Ideas in the Paracelsian Corpus' in ''Ambix'', (1969). In 1972 she established the bibliography of Dr. Pagel's writings in Science, medicine and society in the Renaissance, in a tribute volume in his honour. On his death she took charge of the publication of his complete work in two volumes, published in 1985 and 1986.<ref name=Allan/>
Having embraced [[Buddhism]] in the 1960s she became an archivist for the [[Buddhist Society]]. In 1957 she had published the German translation of [[Edward Conze]]'s ''Buddhist Texts Through the Ages'' but emphasized that she did not associate herself with all the points of view expressed in this autobiography, let alone with the passages on the President of the Buddhist Society [[Christmas Humphreys]] who, according to her, had had the most beneficial influence on her life .
Winder spoke several languages including [[Sanskrit]] and Buddhist Pali.[ 13 ] In 1958 she became deputy editor of the [[Buddhist Society]]'s magazine ''The Middle Way'' and succeeded [[Carlo Robins]] as editor-in-chief from 1961 to 1965, when she was succeeded by Muriel Daw.[ 14 ][ 15 ] Winder wass also interested in the language and culture of [[Tibet]]<ref name=Allan/> and took lessons in Tibetan at the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]].[ 16 ][ 17 ] When the position of Curator of Oriental Manuscripts and Prints was created at the [[Wellcome Institute]] in 1970 she gained it. This was the beginning of Winder's start second career.<ref name=Allan/>
==Second Career==
Winder undertook to catalogue and classify the collections for which she was responsible and to place them within the reach of the specialists of Eastern Studies, a vast task which made them a leading source for the study of the medicine in Asian cultures.<ref name=Allan/> At the same time she began a collaboration with Rechung Rinpoche Jampal Kunzang which led to the publication in 1973 of ''Tibetan Medicine: Illustrated in Original Texts'', a book which, through its foreign editions in Chinese and French and its revisions, became a classic on Tibetan medicine,<ref name=Allan/> and the first work in English on the subject[ 18 ] .
The new curator attends all classes of English Tibetologist David Snellgrove{ 19 ]. In addition to Tibetan, she learned several languages including Sanskrit and Pali[ 20 ] .
==Retirement]]
Upon her retirement in 1978, Marianne Winder was appointed a Tibetan Medicine Consultant by the Institute to complete the great work of her second career, the Catalogue of Tibetan manuscripts and xylographs, and the catalog of thankas, banners. and other paintings and drawings in the Library of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine , which will be published in 1989.<ref name=allan/ His successor as Conservative is Nigel Allan [ 21 ] .
In September 1985, she made a paper entitled Sanskrit Vaidurya at an international conference on Indian medicine [ 1 ] at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine , published in the Proceedings of the Symposium. [ 22 ]
In 1986, she organized a conference on aspects of classical Tibetan medicine in Central Asia together with a leading exhibition, Body and mind in Tibetan Medicine , at the Wellcome Institute in London, conference of which she produces the catalog. The proceedings of the conference are under his direction and published in 1993 under the title Aspects of Classical Tibetan Medicine [ 23 ] .
Marianne Winder died in London in April 2001 after a short illness.
==References==
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:English Buddhists]]
[[Category:20th-century Buddhists]]
[[Category:Converts to Buddhism]]
[[Category:English Indologists]]
[[Category:Buddhist translators]]
[[Category:Translators from Sanskrit]]
[[Category:Buddhist writers]]
[[Category:British Buddhist scholars]]
[[Category:20th-century translators]]
September 29, 2019 at 05:01AM
