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Theodore Palaiologos (16th century)
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|death_date=21 January 1636 (aged )|death_place=Landulph, Cornwall|spouse=Eudoxia Commene<br>Mary Balls|issue=Theodora Palaiologina<br>Theodore Palaiologos<br>Dorothea Palaiologina<br>Maria Palaiologina<br>Theodore Palaiologos<br>John Theodore Palaiologos<br>[[Ferdinand Palaiologos]]<br>another daughter|father=Camilio Palaiologos|mother=|burial_place=St Leonard & St Dilpe<br>[[Landulph]], [[Cornwall]], [[England]]|name=Theodore Palaiologos|noble family=[[Palaiologos]]}}'''Theodore Palaiologos<ref name=":02">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>''' (Italian: ''Theodoro Paleologus''; around 1560 – 21 January 1636) was an Italian nobleman who was the alleged great-great-grandson of [[Thomas Palaiologos]]. Thomas was the brother of Emperors [[John VIII Palaiologos|John VIII]] (r. 1425–1448) and [[Constantine XI Palaiologos|Constantine XI]] (r. 1449–1453) and son of Emperor [[Manuel II Palaiologos]] (1391–1425) of the [[Byzantine Empire]].
After being convicted of attempted murder in his hometown of [[Pesaro]] in Italy, Theodore went into exile and eventually arrived in England where he entered the service of the [[Earl of Lincoln]] as a soldier and hired assassin. Theodore fought in the Netherlands 1609–1621 as part of the [[Eighty Years' War]] and then settled down in [[Landulph]], [[Cornwall]]. He died in 1636 and was buried in Landulph.
== Lineage ==
[[File:Descendants_of_Manuel_II_Palaiologos.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Descendants_of_Manuel_II_Palaiologos.png|alt=|left|thumb|Genealogy of the Cornwall Palaiologoi as allegedly descended from Emperor [[Manuel II Palaiologos]] (r. 1391–1425)]]
Theodore's tombstone alleges that he is the descendant of [[Thomas Palaiologos]], the brother of the final two [[Byzantine Emperors]] [[John VIII Palaiologos|John VIII]] and [[Constantine XI Palaiologos|Constantine XI]].<ref name=":022">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Although Theodore's claim of hailing from the town of [[Pesaro]] in Italy can be verified; records exist of Theodore being exiled from the town after being convicted of attempted murder, there is no independent evidence that Thomas Palaiologos had a son called John (the claimed ancestor of Theodore).<ref name=":022" /><ref>Nicol, Donald MacGillivray, Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453, Cambridge University Press, Second Edition, 1993</ref>
The tombstone proclaims Theodore as the son of Camilio Palaiologos, who was a son of Prosperos Palaiologos, who was a son of Theodore Palaiologos, who was son of John Palaiologos, the son of Thomas Palaiologos. Records from Pesaro also confirms the existence of two uncles of Theodore; Leonidas and Scipione Palaiologos, indicating that the family had been established within the town before the incident which caused their exile.<ref name=":022" /> Thomas Palaiologos and his son Andreas lived in Italy for decades following their exile from Greece.<ref name=":4">Norwich, John Julius, ''Byzantium - The Decline and Fall'', p.446</ref>
== Biography ==
Theodore lived in the town of Pesaro in Italy in the late 16th century, with his uncles Scipione and Leonidas Palaiologos. The three eventually found themselves embroiled in scandal as they were convicted for attempted murder. Leonidas was executed, Theodore was exiled and the fate of Scipione is unknown.<ref name=":02" /> At first, Theodore moved to the island of [[Chios]] in the Aegean, where he married Eudoxia Commena, supposedly a descendant of the [[Komnenos]] dynasty, and the two had a daughter, Theodora. Theodora would eventually marry a Demetrius Rhodocanakis in [[Naples]] at some point in October of 1614 and had several children. Their son Constantine Rhodocanakis became a renowned scholar and doctor and befriended the English king [[Charles II of England|Charles II]].<ref name=":12"> Neos Kosmos|last=Kalymniou|first=Dean|date=2015-04-20|website=English Edition|language=en|access-date=2019-10-16}}</ref>
Eudoxia died in 1596 and Theodore left Chios to travel to England.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":22"></ref> At first, Theodore worked dishonorably as an assassin and soldier in the service of the [[Earl of Lincoln]], [[Theophilus Clinton, 4th Earl of Lincoln|Theophilus Clinton]].<ref name=":02" /> At Clinton's estate, [[Tattershall Castle, Lincolnshire|Tattershall Castle]], Theodore met the famous captain and explorer [[John Smith (explorer)|John Smith]] and gradually helped him return to society after he had retired into seclusion at the castle.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":22" />
In 1600, Theodore married the daughter of the nobleman William Balls of [[Hadleigh, Suffolk]], Mary Balls, with whom he had several children. Theodore is recorded as having fought in the Netherlands 1609–1621 as part of the [[Eighty Years' War]] and then settled down in [[Landulph]], [[Cornwall]]. He died on the 21st of January 1636 and was buried that same year.<ref name=":02" />
== Family ==
[[File:Tombstone of Teodoro Paleologus (son).png|thumb|Tombstone in [[Westminster Abbey]] of Theodore's son Theodore (junior), who died during the [[English Civil War]] in 1644]]
In total, Theodore had eight children. With his first wife, Eudoxia Commene, he had only his eldest daughter;
* Theodora, who married Demetrius Rhodocanakis in Naples in 1614 and had several children with him.<ref name=":12" />
With his second wife, Mary Balls, Theodore had four sons and three daughters;
* Theodore (1600–1601), the couple's first child who died in his infancy.<ref name=":0">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
* Dorothea (?–1681)<ref name=":23"></ref>, Theodore's second daughter, who married William Arundel from Cornwall, likely never had children.<ref name=":02" />
* Maria (?–1674)<ref name=":23" />, Theodore's third daughter, who likely never married.<ref name=":02" />
* Theodore (1609–1644), who died in the [[English Civil War]] and was buried in [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":13">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
* John Theodore (1611–1645), who also died in the English Civil War, at the [[Battle of Naseby]].<ref name=":1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
* [[Ferdinand Palaiologos|Ferdinand]] (1615–1678), who retired in [[Barbados]], becoming known there as the "Greek prince of Cornwall". Had a son named Theodore.<ref name=":02" />
* another daughter who died young.
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:1560 births]]
[[Category:1636 deaths]]
[[Category:Palaiologos dynasty]]
[[Category:Italian people of Greek descent]]
After being convicted of attempted murder in his hometown of [[Pesaro]] in Italy, Theodore went into exile and eventually arrived in England where he entered the service of the [[Earl of Lincoln]] as a soldier and hired assassin. Theodore fought in the Netherlands 1609–1621 as part of the [[Eighty Years' War]] and then settled down in [[Landulph]], [[Cornwall]]. He died in 1636 and was buried in Landulph.
== Lineage ==
[[File:Descendants_of_Manuel_II_Palaiologos.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Descendants_of_Manuel_II_Palaiologos.png|alt=|left|thumb|Genealogy of the Cornwall Palaiologoi as allegedly descended from Emperor [[Manuel II Palaiologos]] (r. 1391–1425)]]
Theodore's tombstone alleges that he is the descendant of [[Thomas Palaiologos]], the brother of the final two [[Byzantine Emperors]] [[John VIII Palaiologos|John VIII]] and [[Constantine XI Palaiologos|Constantine XI]].<ref name=":022">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Although Theodore's claim of hailing from the town of [[Pesaro]] in Italy can be verified; records exist of Theodore being exiled from the town after being convicted of attempted murder, there is no independent evidence that Thomas Palaiologos had a son called John (the claimed ancestor of Theodore).<ref name=":022" /><ref>Nicol, Donald MacGillivray, Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453, Cambridge University Press, Second Edition, 1993</ref>
The tombstone proclaims Theodore as the son of Camilio Palaiologos, who was a son of Prosperos Palaiologos, who was a son of Theodore Palaiologos, who was son of John Palaiologos, the son of Thomas Palaiologos. Records from Pesaro also confirms the existence of two uncles of Theodore; Leonidas and Scipione Palaiologos, indicating that the family had been established within the town before the incident which caused their exile.<ref name=":022" /> Thomas Palaiologos and his son Andreas lived in Italy for decades following their exile from Greece.<ref name=":4">Norwich, John Julius, ''Byzantium - The Decline and Fall'', p.446</ref>
== Biography ==
Theodore lived in the town of Pesaro in Italy in the late 16th century, with his uncles Scipione and Leonidas Palaiologos. The three eventually found themselves embroiled in scandal as they were convicted for attempted murder. Leonidas was executed, Theodore was exiled and the fate of Scipione is unknown.<ref name=":02" /> At first, Theodore moved to the island of [[Chios]] in the Aegean, where he married Eudoxia Commena, supposedly a descendant of the [[Komnenos]] dynasty, and the two had a daughter, Theodora. Theodora would eventually marry a Demetrius Rhodocanakis in [[Naples]] at some point in October of 1614 and had several children. Their son Constantine Rhodocanakis became a renowned scholar and doctor and befriended the English king [[Charles II of England|Charles II]].<ref name=":12"> Neos Kosmos|last=Kalymniou|first=Dean|date=2015-04-20|website=English Edition|language=en|access-date=2019-10-16}}</ref>
Eudoxia died in 1596 and Theodore left Chios to travel to England.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":22"></ref> At first, Theodore worked dishonorably as an assassin and soldier in the service of the [[Earl of Lincoln]], [[Theophilus Clinton, 4th Earl of Lincoln|Theophilus Clinton]].<ref name=":02" /> At Clinton's estate, [[Tattershall Castle, Lincolnshire|Tattershall Castle]], Theodore met the famous captain and explorer [[John Smith (explorer)|John Smith]] and gradually helped him return to society after he had retired into seclusion at the castle.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":22" />
In 1600, Theodore married the daughter of the nobleman William Balls of [[Hadleigh, Suffolk]], Mary Balls, with whom he had several children. Theodore is recorded as having fought in the Netherlands 1609–1621 as part of the [[Eighty Years' War]] and then settled down in [[Landulph]], [[Cornwall]]. He died on the 21st of January 1636 and was buried that same year.<ref name=":02" />
== Family ==
[[File:Tombstone of Teodoro Paleologus (son).png|thumb|Tombstone in [[Westminster Abbey]] of Theodore's son Theodore (junior), who died during the [[English Civil War]] in 1644]]
In total, Theodore had eight children. With his first wife, Eudoxia Commene, he had only his eldest daughter;
* Theodora, who married Demetrius Rhodocanakis in Naples in 1614 and had several children with him.<ref name=":12" />
With his second wife, Mary Balls, Theodore had four sons and three daughters;
* Theodore (1600–1601), the couple's first child who died in his infancy.<ref name=":0">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
* Dorothea (?–1681)<ref name=":23"></ref>, Theodore's second daughter, who married William Arundel from Cornwall, likely never had children.<ref name=":02" />
* Maria (?–1674)<ref name=":23" />, Theodore's third daughter, who likely never married.<ref name=":02" />
* Theodore (1609–1644), who died in the [[English Civil War]] and was buried in [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":13">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
* John Theodore (1611–1645), who also died in the English Civil War, at the [[Battle of Naseby]].<ref name=":1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
* [[Ferdinand Palaiologos|Ferdinand]] (1615–1678), who retired in [[Barbados]], becoming known there as the "Greek prince of Cornwall". Had a son named Theodore.<ref name=":02" />
* another daughter who died young.
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:1560 births]]
[[Category:1636 deaths]]
[[Category:Palaiologos dynasty]]
[[Category:Italian people of Greek descent]]
October 16, 2019 at 10:58PM
