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Marie-Thérèse Joniaux
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'''Marie-Thérèse Joniaux '''(born '''Maria Teresa Joséphe Ablaÿ '''on October 15, 1844 in [[Mechelen]] - died 1923 in [[Antwerp]]) was a [[Belgian]] poisoner who made headlines in 1894-1895 as part of the Joniaux Affair after the triple poisoning perpetrated against her sister, Léonie Ablaÿ, her uncle-by-marriage, Jacques Van de Kerkhove and her brother, Alfred Ablaÿ. She was [[sentenced to death]] on February 3, 1895.<ref name="Ryckère">Raymond de Ryckère, ''L'affaire Joniaux, triple empoisonnement'' - acte d'accusation, rapport des médecins-experts et chimistes : MM. de Visscher, de Baisieux, Van Vyve, G. Bruylants et Herman Druyts, voix d'outre-tombe (mémoire de Joniaux), étude du procès, par M. Raymond de Ryckère, A. Storck, Lyon, 1895, [https://ift.tt/2Ic6mv0 consultable en ligne sur la BNF].</ref> Her death sentenced was commuted to [[life imprisonment]], and she died in Antwerp in 1923.
[[Category:Age error]]
== Biographical elements ==
Ablaÿ was born in Mechelen on October 15, 1844. She came from a family from [[Mons]] that had many high-ranking soldiers from the early 19th century. Her father, Jules-Gustave Ablaÿ, did not follow the family tradition and became Lieutenant-General and the King's [[aide-de-camp]]. Her uncles Omer and Narcisse were also generals in the fledgling Belgian army. Her mother, Thérèse de Ryckman de Betz gave birth to six children. She is said to have been her father's favourite child, as she was the eldest, and "''with the liveliest intelligence".''
[[Category:Age error]]
=== Marriages ===
At the age of 24, she finally decided to marry and on July 10, 1869, she married Frédéric Faber, a well-known [[bibliophile]] on the Belgian square, who was often lost in his research and publishing his opuscules. On February 3, 1871, a child was born from this union - Jeanne Faber. The couple did not get along, as Frédéric, an intellectual, took care of his research, and she devoted considerable energy to maintain standing befitting of her rank. Frédéric Faber died on December 4, 1884 in circumstances that were considered suspicious. Having respected the period of widowhood as prescribed, she married a second time to Henri Joniaux. He was the widower of Ida Dumon, with whom he had three children - Marguerite, Marthe and Charles. He was a Chief Engineer and First Class Director at the Bridges.
=== The spiral of indebtedness ===
The couple did not take long to settle in a lush hotel, at 33 Nerviens Street in Antwerp. Her first marriaged left Joniaux with many mortgage and unsecured debts. Real estate sales wiped out the first, but Ablaÿ still owed part of the second. Their daughter, Jeanne, although still a minor inherited a comfortable amount from her father, which would also be stolen by her mother.
[[File:Lettre_de_Marie_Thérèse_Joniaux-Ablay_-_5_février_1895.jpg|left|thumb|527x527px|Le elle adresse un courrier au journal l'''Étoile belge'' par l'entremise de son avocat.]]
Coming from a wealthy family, Ablaÿ had no intention to live a modest life. She tried to find money in a legal, but then turned to illegal means. Flamboyantly, she cheated on her husband in [[Brussels]] and [[Spa, Belgium|Spa]], but denied it fiercely. She resorted to a [[mount of piety]] and sometimes for derisory amounts (75 Belgian francs in May 12, 2018).<ref group="Notes">Une employée gagne alors 2300 francs belges par an</ref> She locked herself in a spiral of indebtness. On May 11, 1888, she obtained a loan from her mother-in-law of 30,000 Belgian francs as the result of one of her missives, as she wrote thousands, imploring her, saying that "we will have a catastrophe if you can not do anything", implying her son, from disappointment, will put an end to his days. The assets of her daughter, Jeanne Faber, came in guarantee and the act is passed on May 29, 1888. On June 1, 1888, she was at a pawnshop to deposit silver for a fee of 140 Belgian francs. On August 31, 1888, a watch and a pin of her husband expired a year earlier; she is unable to redeem them and had to renew her commitment. The 30,000 Belgian francs were repaid the most virulent creditors. However, the persuasive Ablaÿ knew how to extract money from her family and acquaintances. She began to plan her ploys. There was one that she was particularly fond of at this time: she had to pay off a debt contracted by a family member to spare the family honor. In early 1890, she embarked on another lucrative activity: she became a master singer and sent anonymous letters threatening to stigmatize those who did not comply with her financial requirements. She tried to blackmail her brother-in-law's son, Lionel, who was found dead on the edge of a pond in Lubbeek, on October 26, 1890.
[[File:G._Flasschoen_-_12_janvier_1895_-_L'Illustration.jpg|right|thumb|325x325px|Marie Thérèse-Joniaux during her trial in January 1895 published in [[l'Illustration]] of January 12, 1895]]
=== The point of no return ===
In January 1892, her daughter, Jeanne Faber married to Oswald Mertens. Marie-Thérèse Joniaux could not imagine a marriage without luxury. Her financial situation was burdened, and she saw no way out. She made a life insurance policy on her sister, Léonie, for an amount of 70,000 Belgian francs from two insurance companies. She pretended it to be a financial operation and did not give any details. Léonie, attracted by the the preparations of Jeanne's nuptials, moved to live with her sister in Antwerp. Her health began to decline, and doctors assumed she was suffering from [[typhus]]. The first doctor was called at 2:00 AM on February 24, 1892. Insurers executed and closed the insurance in March and in April 1892. Marie-Thérèse Joniaux then went on holiday in [[Monaco]] and [[Italy]]. She settled some debts but in October/November, she was again at a financial loss.
That's when the second death in the Joniaux family occured. That is when the uncle, Jacques Van de Kerkhove, then 64, came to take part in a family dinner. After eating his meal, he said he felt ill, went to his bed and died the next day around 11 AM. Doctors speculated that he had [[cerebral apoplexy]]. Her husband inherited the money, but Marie-Thérèse needed the fresh money and directly accessible. She then proposed to her son-in-law to offer her the possibility of taking out a loan of 25,000 Belgian francs by agreeing to put her buildings in the guarantee. For the price of all the trouble, he would receive a brokerage of 5,000 Belgian francs. It was short-lived and in June 1893 she was again at bay.
In June 1893, she engaged in a new type of transaction, demonstrating the compelling nature of finding money. She bought a credit for 900 Belgian francs of silverware from a jeweler to hasten, immediately putting a nail to the mount of piety. She reiterated that tactic with two other jewelers in January and in February 1894. The instruction understood the underlying gestures.
On February 4, 1894, her brother, a former cavalry captain, was forced to resign due to financial misfortune. A widower since 1871, he settled in [[Paris]] where he had a relationship with a mistress, Marie Roguet, was attracted to Antwerp by his sister. He had just lost his job in Paris and planned to beg for an alimony from his son, Georges. Alfred was jobless in Paris until he found a job as a bookkeeper. He also benefitted from a small suplementary penision paid by his mother-in-law, Madame Meskens. He lost his job, and called his sister who said that she wanted to help him. She offered to pay him an annuity in exchange for an insurance on his life worth 100,000 Belgian francs, of which she would be the beneficiary. He contacted a company in Paris but the conditions did not satisfy Marie-Thérèse, because of the high monthly payments. He arrived in Belgium, and his sister took things in her hands, contacting a London company named Gresham who had a seat in Antwerp. On February 17, 1894, the policy was underwritten and the first quarterly bonus was paid by Joniaux. She explained to the insurers that this is to cover important advances that she made to her brother and that she wanted to benefit her children. Alfred Ablay died at his home on the night of March 5 or 6, 1894.
=== The Joniaux Affair ===
[[File:L'illustration_-_12_janvier_1895.jpg|thumb]]
Dr. Willems, deceived by the words of Marie-Thérèse Joniaux from a previous consultation in Brussels with a colleague, concluded that a heart problem was the reason for the death. The company Gresham was not convinced and immediately filed a complaint with the public prosecutor in Antwerp, triggering the Joniaux affair. Marie-Thérèse Joniaux was arrested on April 17, 1894. The trial, led by Eugène Hayoit de Termicourt, lasted nine months. The trial took place on January 7 and February 3, 1895. 296 witnesses were heard. Marie-Thérèse Joniaux was sentenced to death and transferred from the prison of Antwerp to that of Mons where she arrived on June 6, 1895 to serve his sentence, which was commuted to life imprisonment.
She tried to appeal her sentence but it was rejected. She was written a memoir for this. Marie-Thérèse Joniaux died in Antwerp in 1923, at the age of 79.
== The Ablaÿ Family ==
[[Category:Age error]]
[[Category:Age error]]
[[Category:Age error]]
{| class="wikitable alternance centre" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
! scope="col" style="width:12%;" |Name
! scope="col" style="width:12%;" |Relation
! scope="col" style="width:33%;" |Date of birth and death
! scope="col" style="width:33%;" |Notes
|-
|Jules-Gustave Ablaÿ
|Father
|1803 - 1875
|Lieutenant general
|-
|Thérèse de Ryckman de Betz
|Mother
|1811 - 1890
|-
|Alfred Ablaÿ
|Brother
|1840 - poisoned on March 6, 1894
|He married Constance Meskens who died on June 21, 1871
|-
|Lionel Ablaÿ
|Nephew (son of the previous one)
|Drowned in a pond in Lubbeek on October 26, 1890. He was found in a bag, with a rope around his neck. Nevertheless, it was considered a suicide.
|The victim of an anonymous letter sent by Marie-Thérèse Joniaux
|-
|Georges Ablaÿ
|Nephew (brother of the previous one)
|-
|Charles Ablaÿ
|Brother
|1851 - 1918
|Cavalry Captain in Brussels
|-
|Émilie Ablaÿ
|Sister
|[[1846|1]]846
|Lived in [[Watermael-Boitsfort]] and died before 1895
|-
|Hortense Ablaÿ
|Sister
|Lived in Boitsfort
|-
|Léonie Ablaÿ
|Sister
|poisoned on February 24, 1892
|-
|Jacques Van de Kerkhove
|Uncle
|1829- poisoned on March 17, 1893
|-
|<font color="#808080">Marie Thérèse Ablaÿ</font>
| October 15, 1844 - 1932
|Sentenced in 1895
|-
|Frédéric Faber
|Husband (marriage on July 10, 1869)
|Died under suspicious circumstances
|-
|Jeanne Faber
|Daughter
|Married Oswald Mertens
|-
|Henri Joniaux
|Husband (married on March 1, 1886)
|}
== External links ==
* [https://ift.tt/2IfC86z Indictment available on Gallica (view 8)]
* [https://ift.tt/2jQG431 Memoir available on Gallica, p. 145]
== Bibliography ==
* Albert Bataille, Criminal and wordly causes of 1895, ''The poisoner of Antwerp'', E. Dentu, Paris, [https://ift.tt/2Ig2Rjk Available online in Gallica] p. 151
* Raymond de Ryckère, ''The Joniaux affair, triple poisoning - ''indictment, report of the medical experiments and chemists: MM. of Visscher, Baisieux, Van Vyve, G. Bruylants and Herman Druyts, voice from beyond the grave (memory of Mrs. Joniaux), study of the trial, by Mr. Raymond de Ryckere, A. Storck, Lyon, 1895, [https://ift.tt/2Ic6mv0 available online on the BNF].
== Notes ==
== References ==
== Related articles ==
* [[List of serial killers]]
[[Category:1895 in Belgium]]
[[Category:Prisoners sentenced to death by Belgium]]
[[Category:1923 deaths]]
[[Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment]]
[[Category:Belgian female serial killers]]
[[Category:Age error]]
== Biographical elements ==
Ablaÿ was born in Mechelen on October 15, 1844. She came from a family from [[Mons]] that had many high-ranking soldiers from the early 19th century. Her father, Jules-Gustave Ablaÿ, did not follow the family tradition and became Lieutenant-General and the King's [[aide-de-camp]]. Her uncles Omer and Narcisse were also generals in the fledgling Belgian army. Her mother, Thérèse de Ryckman de Betz gave birth to six children. She is said to have been her father's favourite child, as she was the eldest, and "''with the liveliest intelligence".''
[[Category:Age error]]
=== Marriages ===
At the age of 24, she finally decided to marry and on July 10, 1869, she married Frédéric Faber, a well-known [[bibliophile]] on the Belgian square, who was often lost in his research and publishing his opuscules. On February 3, 1871, a child was born from this union - Jeanne Faber. The couple did not get along, as Frédéric, an intellectual, took care of his research, and she devoted considerable energy to maintain standing befitting of her rank. Frédéric Faber died on December 4, 1884 in circumstances that were considered suspicious. Having respected the period of widowhood as prescribed, she married a second time to Henri Joniaux. He was the widower of Ida Dumon, with whom he had three children - Marguerite, Marthe and Charles. He was a Chief Engineer and First Class Director at the Bridges.
=== The spiral of indebtedness ===
The couple did not take long to settle in a lush hotel, at 33 Nerviens Street in Antwerp. Her first marriaged left Joniaux with many mortgage and unsecured debts. Real estate sales wiped out the first, but Ablaÿ still owed part of the second. Their daughter, Jeanne, although still a minor inherited a comfortable amount from her father, which would also be stolen by her mother.
[[File:Lettre_de_Marie_Thérèse_Joniaux-Ablay_-_5_février_1895.jpg|left|thumb|527x527px|Le elle adresse un courrier au journal l'''Étoile belge'' par l'entremise de son avocat.]]
Coming from a wealthy family, Ablaÿ had no intention to live a modest life. She tried to find money in a legal, but then turned to illegal means. Flamboyantly, she cheated on her husband in [[Brussels]] and [[Spa, Belgium|Spa]], but denied it fiercely. She resorted to a [[mount of piety]] and sometimes for derisory amounts (75 Belgian francs in May 12, 2018).<ref group="Notes">Une employée gagne alors 2300 francs belges par an</ref> She locked herself in a spiral of indebtness. On May 11, 1888, she obtained a loan from her mother-in-law of 30,000 Belgian francs as the result of one of her missives, as she wrote thousands, imploring her, saying that "we will have a catastrophe if you can not do anything", implying her son, from disappointment, will put an end to his days. The assets of her daughter, Jeanne Faber, came in guarantee and the act is passed on May 29, 1888. On June 1, 1888, she was at a pawnshop to deposit silver for a fee of 140 Belgian francs. On August 31, 1888, a watch and a pin of her husband expired a year earlier; she is unable to redeem them and had to renew her commitment. The 30,000 Belgian francs were repaid the most virulent creditors. However, the persuasive Ablaÿ knew how to extract money from her family and acquaintances. She began to plan her ploys. There was one that she was particularly fond of at this time: she had to pay off a debt contracted by a family member to spare the family honor. In early 1890, she embarked on another lucrative activity: she became a master singer and sent anonymous letters threatening to stigmatize those who did not comply with her financial requirements. She tried to blackmail her brother-in-law's son, Lionel, who was found dead on the edge of a pond in Lubbeek, on October 26, 1890.
[[File:G._Flasschoen_-_12_janvier_1895_-_L'Illustration.jpg|right|thumb|325x325px|Marie Thérèse-Joniaux during her trial in January 1895 published in [[l'Illustration]] of January 12, 1895]]
=== The point of no return ===
In January 1892, her daughter, Jeanne Faber married to Oswald Mertens. Marie-Thérèse Joniaux could not imagine a marriage without luxury. Her financial situation was burdened, and she saw no way out. She made a life insurance policy on her sister, Léonie, for an amount of 70,000 Belgian francs from two insurance companies. She pretended it to be a financial operation and did not give any details. Léonie, attracted by the the preparations of Jeanne's nuptials, moved to live with her sister in Antwerp. Her health began to decline, and doctors assumed she was suffering from [[typhus]]. The first doctor was called at 2:00 AM on February 24, 1892. Insurers executed and closed the insurance in March and in April 1892. Marie-Thérèse Joniaux then went on holiday in [[Monaco]] and [[Italy]]. She settled some debts but in October/November, she was again at a financial loss.
That's when the second death in the Joniaux family occured. That is when the uncle, Jacques Van de Kerkhove, then 64, came to take part in a family dinner. After eating his meal, he said he felt ill, went to his bed and died the next day around 11 AM. Doctors speculated that he had [[cerebral apoplexy]]. Her husband inherited the money, but Marie-Thérèse needed the fresh money and directly accessible. She then proposed to her son-in-law to offer her the possibility of taking out a loan of 25,000 Belgian francs by agreeing to put her buildings in the guarantee. For the price of all the trouble, he would receive a brokerage of 5,000 Belgian francs. It was short-lived and in June 1893 she was again at bay.
In June 1893, she engaged in a new type of transaction, demonstrating the compelling nature of finding money. She bought a credit for 900 Belgian francs of silverware from a jeweler to hasten, immediately putting a nail to the mount of piety. She reiterated that tactic with two other jewelers in January and in February 1894. The instruction understood the underlying gestures.
On February 4, 1894, her brother, a former cavalry captain, was forced to resign due to financial misfortune. A widower since 1871, he settled in [[Paris]] where he had a relationship with a mistress, Marie Roguet, was attracted to Antwerp by his sister. He had just lost his job in Paris and planned to beg for an alimony from his son, Georges. Alfred was jobless in Paris until he found a job as a bookkeeper. He also benefitted from a small suplementary penision paid by his mother-in-law, Madame Meskens. He lost his job, and called his sister who said that she wanted to help him. She offered to pay him an annuity in exchange for an insurance on his life worth 100,000 Belgian francs, of which she would be the beneficiary. He contacted a company in Paris but the conditions did not satisfy Marie-Thérèse, because of the high monthly payments. He arrived in Belgium, and his sister took things in her hands, contacting a London company named Gresham who had a seat in Antwerp. On February 17, 1894, the policy was underwritten and the first quarterly bonus was paid by Joniaux. She explained to the insurers that this is to cover important advances that she made to her brother and that she wanted to benefit her children. Alfred Ablay died at his home on the night of March 5 or 6, 1894.
=== The Joniaux Affair ===
[[File:L'illustration_-_12_janvier_1895.jpg|thumb]]
Dr. Willems, deceived by the words of Marie-Thérèse Joniaux from a previous consultation in Brussels with a colleague, concluded that a heart problem was the reason for the death. The company Gresham was not convinced and immediately filed a complaint with the public prosecutor in Antwerp, triggering the Joniaux affair. Marie-Thérèse Joniaux was arrested on April 17, 1894. The trial, led by Eugène Hayoit de Termicourt, lasted nine months. The trial took place on January 7 and February 3, 1895. 296 witnesses were heard. Marie-Thérèse Joniaux was sentenced to death and transferred from the prison of Antwerp to that of Mons where she arrived on June 6, 1895 to serve his sentence, which was commuted to life imprisonment.
She tried to appeal her sentence but it was rejected. She was written a memoir for this. Marie-Thérèse Joniaux died in Antwerp in 1923, at the age of 79.
== The Ablaÿ Family ==
[[Category:Age error]]
[[Category:Age error]]
[[Category:Age error]]
{| class="wikitable alternance centre" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
! scope="col" style="width:12%;" |Name
! scope="col" style="width:12%;" |Relation
! scope="col" style="width:33%;" |Date of birth and death
! scope="col" style="width:33%;" |Notes
|-
|Jules-Gustave Ablaÿ
|Father
|1803 - 1875
|Lieutenant general
|-
|Thérèse de Ryckman de Betz
|Mother
|1811 - 1890
|-
|Alfred Ablaÿ
|Brother
|1840 - poisoned on March 6, 1894
|He married Constance Meskens who died on June 21, 1871
|-
|Lionel Ablaÿ
|Nephew (son of the previous one)
|Drowned in a pond in Lubbeek on October 26, 1890. He was found in a bag, with a rope around his neck. Nevertheless, it was considered a suicide.
|The victim of an anonymous letter sent by Marie-Thérèse Joniaux
|-
|Georges Ablaÿ
|Nephew (brother of the previous one)
|-
|Charles Ablaÿ
|Brother
|1851 - 1918
|Cavalry Captain in Brussels
|-
|Émilie Ablaÿ
|Sister
|[[1846|1]]846
|Lived in [[Watermael-Boitsfort]] and died before 1895
|-
|Hortense Ablaÿ
|Sister
|Lived in Boitsfort
|-
|Léonie Ablaÿ
|Sister
|poisoned on February 24, 1892
|-
|Jacques Van de Kerkhove
|Uncle
|1829- poisoned on March 17, 1893
|-
|<font color="#808080">Marie Thérèse Ablaÿ</font>
| October 15, 1844 - 1932
|Sentenced in 1895
|-
|Frédéric Faber
|Husband (marriage on July 10, 1869)
|Died under suspicious circumstances
|-
|Jeanne Faber
|Daughter
|Married Oswald Mertens
|-
|Henri Joniaux
|Husband (married on March 1, 1886)
|}
== External links ==
* [https://ift.tt/2IfC86z Indictment available on Gallica (view 8)]
* [https://ift.tt/2jQG431 Memoir available on Gallica, p. 145]
== Bibliography ==
* Albert Bataille, Criminal and wordly causes of 1895, ''The poisoner of Antwerp'', E. Dentu, Paris, [https://ift.tt/2Ig2Rjk Available online in Gallica] p. 151
* Raymond de Ryckère, ''The Joniaux affair, triple poisoning - ''indictment, report of the medical experiments and chemists: MM. of Visscher, Baisieux, Van Vyve, G. Bruylants and Herman Druyts, voice from beyond the grave (memory of Mrs. Joniaux), study of the trial, by Mr. Raymond de Ryckere, A. Storck, Lyon, 1895, [https://ift.tt/2Ic6mv0 available online on the BNF].
== Notes ==
== References ==
== Related articles ==
* [[List of serial killers]]
[[Category:1895 in Belgium]]
[[Category:Prisoners sentenced to death by Belgium]]
[[Category:1923 deaths]]
[[Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment]]
[[Category:Belgian female serial killers]]
May 12, 2018 at 05:12PM
