Tuesday, August 28, 2018

Odoyev

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Odoyev

OlKob: New article (Russian locality)


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'''Odoyev''' (Russian: ''Одоев'') is an urban settlement (Russian: ''рабочий посёлок'') since 1959, in the west of [[Tula Oblast]], [[Russia]], the administrative center of [[Odoyevsky District]]. It seats on the left bank of the [[Upa River|Upa]] river, a right-hand tributary of the [[Oka River|Oka]] river, 75 km away from [[Tula]]. Odoyev had the status of town prior to 1926.

== History ==
Odoyev was first mentioned in 1376, when Prince [[:ru:Роман_Семёнович_(князь_новосильский)|Roman Semyonovich of Novosil]], relocated his seat to here<ref>Беспалов Р. А. Новосильско-Одоевское княжество и Орда в контексте международных отношений в Восточной Европе XIV – начала XVI веков // Средневековая Русь. Вып. 11. Проблемы политической истории и источниковедения / Отв. редактор А. А. Горский. – М.: «Индрик», 2014. – С. 269.</ref>. However, the fortress of ''Oduyev'', mentioned in 1242, is associated with Odoyev<ref>Извѣстія Императорской археологической коммиссіи, Объемы 19-21. Тип. глав. управленія удѣлов, 1906. C. 18.</ref>. In 1380 the town was mentioned in the Novgorod Chronicle, in regards with the [[battle of Kulikovo]]. However, it is safe to say that a stronghold there should have been since the [[Vyatichi]]. Odoyev, alongside many other places in the basin of the [[Oka River|Oka]], was in the territory of the Vyatichi.

Since 1376 Odoyev was the center of a [[Upper Oka Principalities|principality (or duchy)]]. However, the Princes of Odoyev styled themselves as ''dukes of Novosil'', and sometimes as ''dukes of Novosil and Odoyev'' up until the late 1400s. The seat in Odoyev, as the successor of [[Novosil]], was considered the senior of the [[Upper Oka Principalities|Upper Oka principalities]]. The Princely House of Odoyev died out in the 19th century.

Odoyev's history was closely associated with its geopolitical location between the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Moscow]] and the [[Golden Horde]]. The Duchy of Odoyev managed to maintain independence and be considered a grand duchy'in the region's international relations up until the late 15th century<ref name=":0">Беспалов Р. А. Новосильско-Одоевское княжество и Орда в контексте международных отношений в Восточной Европе XIV – начала XVI веков // Средневековая Русь. Вып. 11. Проблемы политической истории и источниковедения / Отв. редактор А. А. Горский. – М.: «Индрик», 2014. – С. 257.</ref>. Alongside other Russian duchies, the Duchy of Odoyev received the [[jarlig]]<nowiki/>from the Khan of the [[Golden Horde]]. The first contact of the Duchy of Novosil with the Horde was set in 1326<ref name=":1">Беспалов Р. А. Новосильско-Одоевское княжество и Орда в контексте международных отношений в Восточной Европе XIV – начала XVI веков // Средневековая Русь. Вып. 11. Проблемы политической истории и источниковедения / Отв. редактор А. А. Горский. – М.: «Индрик», 2014. – С. 259.</ref>. The Duchy of Odoyev had trade relations with the Horde, selling beaver and marten fur and honey and importing pottery, coins and iron caldrons<ref>Беспалов Р. А. Новосильско-Одоевское княжество и Орда в контексте международных отношений в Восточной Европе XIV – начала XVI веков // Средневековая Русь. Вып. 11. Проблемы политической истории и источниковедения / Отв. редактор А. А. Горский. – М.: «Индрик», 2014. – С. 272</ref>.

On May 20, 1407, Odoyev was captured and burned down by Lithuanian troops<ref name=":2">Серова Л. Невелик городок Одоев//Наука и жизнь. №8, 1999/<nowiki>https://ift.tt/2MCmacY 1427 five princes of the House of Novosil and Odoyev had concluded a treaty with the Grand Duke of Lithuania, [[Vytautas|Vitautas]]<ref>Беспалов Р. А. Литовско-одоевский договор 1459 года: обстоятельства и причины заключения // Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai T. 4. Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla, 2012. – P. 46.</ref> that became the basis for the future treaties with Lithuania. The treaty implied that Vitautas would not attack the lands of the Princes of Novosil and Odoyev, while the latter would be his vassals and serve to him, assisting in his foreign policy. Vitautas promised help them if they are attacked without interfering in their relations with Moscow and Ryazan<ref name=":3">Беспалов Р. А. Литовско-одоевский договор 1459 года: обстоятельства и причины заключения // Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai T. 4. Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla, 2012. – P. 47.</ref>. The Princes of Novosil and Odoyev had the right to break the treaty in case of no desire to prolong it or violation of its conditions, upon the death of one of the parties<ref name=":3" />. The Princes of Odoyev were given large lands in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Grand Duch of Lithuania]] under the condition to pay yearly tribute from them<ref>Беспалов Р. А. Литовско-одоевский договор 1459 года: обстоятельства и причины заключения // Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai T. 4. Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla, 2012. – P. 48.</ref>.

In 1442, Prince [[:ru:Фёдор_Львович_(князь_воротынский)|Fyodor Lvovich]] of Novosil, the founder of the Vorotynsk princely house, alleged to [[Casimir IV Jagiellon|Casimir IV]], King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania. Prince Fyodor Lvovich was marked with anti-Moscow policy and even planned a plot against [[Vasily II of Moscow|Vasily II]]. During his reign, junior princes of the House of Odoyev did not serve to the duke of Moscow<ref>Беспалов Р. А. Литовско-одоевский договор 1459 года: обстоятельства и причины заключения // Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai T. 4. Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla, 2012. – P. 52.</ref>.

Since the end of the Lithuanian-Moscow war of 1433 — 1453, the situation had changed for the [[Upper Oka Principalities|Upper Oka principalities]]. The principality of [[Mozhaysk]] lost its independence and the local prince espaced to Lithuania. Moscow seized lands from [[Kaluga]] or [[Aleksin]], near Odoyev<ref name=":4"><sup>(</sup>Беспалов Р. А. Литовско-одоевский договор 1459 года: обстоятельства и причины заключения // Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai T. 4. Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla, 2012. – P. 53.</ref>.

In 1459, Prince Fyodor Lvovich concluded a new treaty with Lithuania<ref name=":4" />. In 1483 Prince Ivan Yuryevich of Novosil and Odoyev concluded another treaty with Lithuania<ref>Беспалов Р. А. Литовско-одоевский договор 1459 года: обстоятельства и причины заключения // Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai T. 4. Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos instituto leidykla, 2012. – P. 51.</ref>.

In the late 1400s — early 1500s, the Principality of Odoyev was torn between the [[Crimean Khanate]], the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Duchy of Moscow]]<ref name=":1" />. Odoyev went through multiple attacks from the Tatars: 1422, 1423, 1512, and 1562.

In 1494, under the treaty between Moscow and Lithuania, the Principality of Odoyev became vassal to Moscow<ref name=":2" />. In the early 1500s, [[Vasili III of Russia|Vasily III]] of Russia freed Odoyev of the Crimean tribute<ref name=":0" />. Since that time the Princes of Odoyev served at the Moscow court as boyars. Odoyev started to decline.
[[File:Анастасово, Одоевский район.jpg|thumb|A view of the Anastasovo Monastery]]

In the 16th century Odoyev was a typical stronghold on the southern frontier of Muscovy, when [[Ivan the Terrible]] took the town over from the House of Odoyev<ref name=":5">https://ift.tt/2LCj8jk>. But as early as in 1645, Odoyev was neglected, the towers of the fortress were deprived of their roofs, the bridge had decayed, while the water well was empty<ref name=":2" />.

In the first half of the 18<sup>th</sup> century Odoyev was part of the Kiev, Smoleynsk and Moscow Governances, until 1777, when it ended up in Tula Governance<ref name=":5" />.

In 1777 [[Catherine the Great]] confirmed a coat-of-arms for the town, which was based on the coat-of-arms of [[Chernihiv|Chernigov]]<ref name=":5" />.

In 1779 Catherine the Great confirmed the general city plan for Odoyev<ref name=":2" />. By the early 1800s, the population of Odoyev was two thousand; the town had seven churches, seven taverns, and six plants, while in 1838 the first girls' boarding school in Tula Governance was opened here<ref name=":2" />.

During the 1800s Odoyev was a trading town using the navigation on the [[Upa River|Upa river]]<ref name=":5" />. Then Odoyev had a [[Race track|racetrack]] holding regular horse races<ref name=":5" />. Odoyev was famed for its gardens; almost every resident of the town owned one and it was covered in vegetation. The legend goes that the [[pastila]] from [[Antonovka|Antonovka apples]] from Odoyev were served at the dinner of [[Ivan the Terrible]]<ref name=":5" />.
[[File:Троицкий храм, Одоев.jpg|thumb|The Church of the Holy Trinity]]

In the early 16<sup>th</sup> century [[Vorotynsky|Princes of Vorotynsk]] built the Monastery of the Nativity of the Holy Mother, closed down in the 1700s and ruined in the Soviet times<ref name=":5" />. Now its successor is the Anastasovo Monastery, located in the village of Anastasovo, near Odoyev. By the late 1800s, Odoyev had had six churches, but now only one is surviving, i.e. the Church of the Holy Trinity<ref name=":5" />. In 1842 the local gentry initiated the opening of an amateur philanthropy theater<ref name=":5" />. In 1912 there was founded an amateur wind band that still exists<ref name=":5" />. In 1919 a musical school was founded in the town<ref name=":5" />.

In 1926 Odoyev was made a rural settlement, and in 1959 — a '''workers' settlement''<nowiki/>' (''radochiy posyolok'')<ref name=":6">Макаренко Т. А. Экономический анализ промышленности муниципального образования Одоев // Научно-методический электронный журнал «Концепт». – 2016. – Т. 6. – С. 176–180. – URL: <nowiki>https://ift.tt/2ofbTEO>.

Now Odoyev is listed in the heritage settlements of Russia.<ref name=":5" />

== Economy ==
The economy of Odoyev, as well as Odoevsky District in general, is primarily agricultural. The main focus of the local industry is dairy, fruit processing and baking<ref name=":6" />. The district has two major plants: a butter dairy and a vegetable and fruit cannery<ref name=":6" />. 57% of the district's population works in agriculture<ref name=":6" />. Most of the district's output goes to [[Tula]] or is distributed in the [[Tula Oblast]]<ref name=":6" />.

== Culture and Tourism ==
[[File:Toy of Filimonovo 02.jpg|thumb|178x178px|Philimonovo toys]]
Odoyev is a small township that is continuously declining. The touristic potential of the place and the area is still to develop. The district is famed for its [[:ru:Филимоновская_игрушка|Philimonovo toys]] originating in the village of Philomonovo, 8 km away from Odoyev. The museum of the Philimonovo toys is located here. Odoyev has a museum of local history.

== Notable people born in Odoyev ==

* [[:ru:Успенский,_Владимир_Дмитриевич|Vladimir Uspensky]] (1927—2000), a Russian writer.

* [[Alexander Uvarov]] (1922—1994), a Soviet ice hockey player.
* [[:ru:Родионов,_Иван_Дмитриевич|Ivan Rodionov]] (1852—1881), a Russian poet.
* [[:ru:Боголепов,_Константин_Владимирович|Konstantin Bogolepov]] (1913—1983), a Soviet scientist.

== References ==
<references />

August 28, 2018 at 09:55PM

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