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Moshé Yaniv
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'''Moshe Yaniv''', born in 1938 in [[Hadera]], [[Israel]], is a French-Israeli [[Molecular biology|molecular biologist]] who has studied the structure and functions of [[Carcinogenesis|oncogenic]] [[DNA]] [[Virus|viruses]] as well as the general mechanisms for regulating [[gene expression]] in higher organisms and their deregulation during tumor pathologies and development<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> <ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>. He is a member of the [[French Academy of Sciences|French Academy of sciences]] and Professor Emeritus at the [[Pasteur Institute|Institut Pasteur]].
== Biography ==
After secondary school in Hadera, Moshe Yaniv studied [[chemistry]] at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] (1956-1961) and obtained a "Master of Sciences" in organic chemistry. He joined Professor [[François Gros]]' laboratory at the Institute of Physico-chemical Biology to prepare a state [[thesis]] in science (1969) on the mechanisms of protein synthesis and the structure of [[Transfer RNA|tRNAs]].
During his thesis he spent six months in [[Frederick Sanger]]'s laboratory at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in [[Cambridge]] England, to establish the sequence of several tRNAs and contributed to the establishment of the three-dimensional structure of the tRNA<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>.
At the end of his thesis he then joined Professor [[Paul Berg]]'s laboratory at [[Stanford University]] in [[California]] for a postdoctoral fellowship continuing his work on the structure and functions of tRNAs.
Back in France in 1972, he joined the Institut Pasteur as team leader and then as head of the Oncogenic Virus Unit (1975). In 1966, he was appointed Head of Research at the [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|CNRS]], in 1972 he became Director of Research and Professor at the Institut Pasteur in 1986.
During his career at the Institut Pasteur, he headed the Molecular Biology Department (1986-1988) and the [[Biotechnology]] Department (1992-1994).
== Scientific work ==
From 1972, Moshé Yaniv decided to focus his research on the biology of oncogenic DNA viruses such as Polyome, SV40 and later on [[papilloma viruses]] in collaboration with Professor [[Gérard Orth]]. It highlights the [[chromatin]] structure of the viral [[genome]] and the absence of [[Nucleosome|nucleosomes]] ([[histone octamers]]) on the sequences of expression regulation of viral and cellular genes<ref>Saragosti S, et al., « Absence of nucleosomes in a fraction of SV40 chromatin between the origin of replication and the region coding for the late leader RNA. », ''Cell'', 1980, <abbr>p.</abbr> 20:65</ref> <ref>Herbomel P, et al., « Two distinct enhancers with different cell specificities coexist in the regulatory region of polyoma. », ''Cell'', 1984, <abbr>p.</abbr> 39:653</ref>. He identified cellular [[Transcription factor|transcription factors]] responsible for the expression of viral genes and their functions in regulating cell growth and oncogenic transformation<ref>Yaniv M., « Small DNA tumour viruses and their contributions to our understanding of transcription control », ''Virology'', 2009, <abbr>p.</abbr> 384:389</ref>. His team established the sequence of the first human Papillomavirus and identified the different genes of the virus<ref>Danos O, et al., « Human papillomavirus 1a complete DNA sequence: a novel type of genome organization among papovaviridae », ''EMBO J.'', 1982, 1, <abbr>p.</abbr> 231</ref>.
His work on gene expression regulation has led him to focus on the role of transcription factors and chromatin remodeling complexes in controlling the development and organogenesis of the [[liver]], [[pancreas]] and [[kidney]] and to generate mouse models for the study of human metabolic diseases such as [[diabetes]], polycystosis and [[Cancer|cancers]]<ref>Cereghini S, et al., « Factors involved in control of tissue-specific expression of albumin gene », ''Cell'', 1987, <abbr>p.</abbr> 50:627</ref> <ref>Klochendler-Yeivin A, et al., « The murine SNF5/INI1 chromatin remodeling factor is essential for embryonic development and tumor suppression. », ''EMBO Rep'', 2000, 1, <abbr>p.</abbr> 500</ref> <ref>Yaniv M., « Chromatin remodeling: from transcription to cancer », ''Cancer Genet.'', 2014, <abbr>p.</abbr> 207:352</ref>.
== Distinctions ==
Yaniv is the author of more than 300 publications in the most prestigious biology journals such as Cell, Nature, PNAS, EMBO Journal etc.
Moshé Yaniv was elected a member of [[European Molecular Biology Organization|EMBO]] (European Molecular Biology Organization) in 1978 and chaired its board in 1996. Member of [[Academia Europaea]] in 1992, member of the French Academy of sciences, 1995<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>, foreign member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], 2001 and of the European Academy of Cancer Sciences (2008)<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>.
He received a number of prestigious awards<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> and was made a Chevalier of the [[Legion of Honour|Légion d'Honneur]] in 1999.
[[Category:1038 births]]
[[Category:People from Hadera]]
[[Category:Molecular biologists]]
[[Category:Pasteur Institute]]
[[Category:CNRS research directors]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:WikiProject France articles]]
[[Category:WikiProject Europe articles]]
== Biography ==
After secondary school in Hadera, Moshe Yaniv studied [[chemistry]] at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] (1956-1961) and obtained a "Master of Sciences" in organic chemistry. He joined Professor [[François Gros]]' laboratory at the Institute of Physico-chemical Biology to prepare a state [[thesis]] in science (1969) on the mechanisms of protein synthesis and the structure of [[Transfer RNA|tRNAs]].
During his thesis he spent six months in [[Frederick Sanger]]'s laboratory at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in [[Cambridge]] England, to establish the sequence of several tRNAs and contributed to the establishment of the three-dimensional structure of the tRNA<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>.
At the end of his thesis he then joined Professor [[Paul Berg]]'s laboratory at [[Stanford University]] in [[California]] for a postdoctoral fellowship continuing his work on the structure and functions of tRNAs.
Back in France in 1972, he joined the Institut Pasteur as team leader and then as head of the Oncogenic Virus Unit (1975). In 1966, he was appointed Head of Research at the [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|CNRS]], in 1972 he became Director of Research and Professor at the Institut Pasteur in 1986.
During his career at the Institut Pasteur, he headed the Molecular Biology Department (1986-1988) and the [[Biotechnology]] Department (1992-1994).
== Scientific work ==
From 1972, Moshé Yaniv decided to focus his research on the biology of oncogenic DNA viruses such as Polyome, SV40 and later on [[papilloma viruses]] in collaboration with Professor [[Gérard Orth]]. It highlights the [[chromatin]] structure of the viral [[genome]] and the absence of [[Nucleosome|nucleosomes]] ([[histone octamers]]) on the sequences of expression regulation of viral and cellular genes<ref>Saragosti S, et al., « Absence of nucleosomes in a fraction of SV40 chromatin between the origin of replication and the region coding for the late leader RNA. », ''Cell'', 1980, <abbr>p.</abbr> 20:65</ref> <ref>Herbomel P, et al., « Two distinct enhancers with different cell specificities coexist in the regulatory region of polyoma. », ''Cell'', 1984, <abbr>p.</abbr> 39:653</ref>. He identified cellular [[Transcription factor|transcription factors]] responsible for the expression of viral genes and their functions in regulating cell growth and oncogenic transformation<ref>Yaniv M., « Small DNA tumour viruses and their contributions to our understanding of transcription control », ''Virology'', 2009, <abbr>p.</abbr> 384:389</ref>. His team established the sequence of the first human Papillomavirus and identified the different genes of the virus<ref>Danos O, et al., « Human papillomavirus 1a complete DNA sequence: a novel type of genome organization among papovaviridae », ''EMBO J.'', 1982, 1, <abbr>p.</abbr> 231</ref>.
His work on gene expression regulation has led him to focus on the role of transcription factors and chromatin remodeling complexes in controlling the development and organogenesis of the [[liver]], [[pancreas]] and [[kidney]] and to generate mouse models for the study of human metabolic diseases such as [[diabetes]], polycystosis and [[Cancer|cancers]]<ref>Cereghini S, et al., « Factors involved in control of tissue-specific expression of albumin gene », ''Cell'', 1987, <abbr>p.</abbr> 50:627</ref> <ref>Klochendler-Yeivin A, et al., « The murine SNF5/INI1 chromatin remodeling factor is essential for embryonic development and tumor suppression. », ''EMBO Rep'', 2000, 1, <abbr>p.</abbr> 500</ref> <ref>Yaniv M., « Chromatin remodeling: from transcription to cancer », ''Cancer Genet.'', 2014, <abbr>p.</abbr> 207:352</ref>.
== Distinctions ==
Yaniv is the author of more than 300 publications in the most prestigious biology journals such as Cell, Nature, PNAS, EMBO Journal etc.
Moshé Yaniv was elected a member of [[European Molecular Biology Organization|EMBO]] (European Molecular Biology Organization) in 1978 and chaired its board in 1996. Member of [[Academia Europaea]] in 1992, member of the French Academy of sciences, 1995<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>, foreign member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], 2001 and of the European Academy of Cancer Sciences (2008)<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>.
He received a number of prestigious awards<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> and was made a Chevalier of the [[Legion of Honour|Légion d'Honneur]] in 1999.
[[Category:1038 births]]
[[Category:People from Hadera]]
[[Category:Molecular biologists]]
[[Category:Pasteur Institute]]
[[Category:CNRS research directors]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:WikiProject France articles]]
[[Category:WikiProject Europe articles]]
November 15, 2019 at 08:19PM
