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Nehemiah 4
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'''Nehemiah 4''' is the fourth chapter of the [[Book of Nehemiah]] in the [[Old Testament]] of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]], or the 14th chapter of the book of [[Ezra-Nehemiah]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]], which treats the [[book of Ezra]] and book of Nehemiah as one book. Jewish tradition states that [[Ezra]] is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the [[Book of Chronicles]],<ref>[[Babylonian Talmud]] ''Baba Bathra'' 15a, ''apud'' Fensham 1982, p. 2</ref> but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from 5th century BCE (so-called "[[the Chronicler]]") is the final author of these books. This chapter recounts how the Jews had to militarize the wall building due to the constant threat from their enemies.
==Text==
The original text of this chapter is in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew language]]. In English bibles, [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|this chapter is divided into]] 23 verses, but in Hebrew texts 4:1-6 is numbered 3:33-38, and 4:7-23 is numbered 4:1-17.<ref>Note [a] on Nehemiah 4:1 in [[New International Version|NIV]]</ref>
===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]], which includes [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).</ref>}}
There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the [[Septuagint]] version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Sinaiticus]] ('''S'''; [[Biblia Hebraica (Kittel)|BHK]]: <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>S</sup>; 4th century), and [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century).
==Derision (4:1-3)==
When the restoration of the Jerusalem walls was advanced, Sanballat and his allies increased their attack.
===Verse 1===
:''But it came to pass, that when Sanballat heard that we builded the wall, he was wroth, and took great indignation, and mocked the Jews.''<ref> [[King James Version|KJV]] or Hebrew Bible</ref>
==Nehemiah's response to the attack (4:4–6)==
Refusing to engage in a war of words or retaliatory actions, Nehemiah prayed to God, then went to work.
===Verse 6===
:''So built we the wall; and all the wall was joined together unto the half thereof: for the people had a mind to work.''<ref> [[King James Version|KJV]] or Hebrew Bible</ref>
*"All the wall was joined together unto the half thereof": that is, 'the whole continuous line of wall was completed to half the contemplated height'.<ref name=pulpit>Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). [https://ift.tt/2KRmukT On "Nehemiah 4".] In: ''The [[Pulpit Commentary]]''. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.</ref>
==Obstacles (4:7-23)==
[[File:Book of Nehemiah Chapter 4-2 (Bible Illustrations by Sweet Media).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Militarizing the wall building. Illustration of Book of Nehemiah Chapter 4. Biblical illustrations by Jim Padgett]]
[[File:Book of Nehemiah Chapter 4-3 (Bible Illustrations by Sweet Media).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Ready to face the enemies. Illustration of Book of Nehemiah Chapter 4. Biblical illustrations by Jim Padgett]]
With each step forward, Nehemiah faced obstacles to complete the wall, but he persevered with prayer and hard work. In this section he described the plot (verses 7-9), discouragement (verse 10), threats and rumors (11-12) against him, but then he found his resolve (4:13-15) and executed his contigency plans (4:16-23).
===Verses 7–8===
:'' But it came to pass, that when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabians, and the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites, heard that the walls of Jerusalem were made up, and that the breaches began to be stopped, then they were very wroth,''
:'' And conspired all of them together to come and to fight against Jerusalem, and to hinder it.''<ref> [[King James Version|KJV]] or Hebrew Bible</ref>
The Jews were completely encircled by the enemies: the Samaritans (Sanballat) in the north, the Ammonites (Tobiah) in the east, the Arabians (Geshem) in the south, and the Ashdodites in the east.
==See also==
*[[Jerusalem]]
*[[Walls of Jerusalem]]
*Related [[Bible]] parts: [[Nehemiah 2]]
==Notes==
==References==
==Sources==
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*
==Further reading==
*[https://ift.tt/34wpfjf Blenkinsopp, Joseph, "Ezra-Nehemiah: A Commentary" (Eerdmans, 1988)]
*[https://ift.tt/2qh1Kfe Blenkinsopp, Joseph, "Judaism, the first phase" (Eerdmans, 2009)]
*[https://ift.tt/2pF3Jd5 Coggins, R.J., "The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah" (Cambridge University Press, 1976)]
*[https://ift.tt/2WG7c7e Ecker, Ronald L., "Ezra and Nehemiah"], Ecker's Biblical Web Pages, 2007.
*[https://ift.tt/2NAvlIt Fensham, F. Charles, "The books of Ezra and Nehemiah" (Eerdmans, 1982)]
*[https://ift.tt/33ercR8 Grabbe, L.L., "Ezra-Nehemiah" (Routledge, 1998)]
*[https://ift.tt/2NHjUi2 Grabbe, L.L., "A history of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 1" (T&T Clark, 2004)]
*[https://ift.tt/2C5GNqh Throntveit, Mark A., "Ezra-Nehemiah" (John Knox Press, 1992)]
==External links==
* [[Judaism|Jewish]] translations:
** [https://ift.tt/33kI47Z Nechemiah - Nehemiah - Chapter 4 (Judaica Press)] translation [with [[Rashi]]'s commentary] at Chabad.org
* [[Christianity|Christian]] translations:
** [https://ift.tt/2rqADie ''Online Bible'' at GospelHall.org] (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
** [https://ift.tt/2XNT2lp Book of Nehemiah Chapter 4. Bible Gateway]
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<!--[[Category:Nehemiah 4| ]]-->
[[Category:Book of Nehemiah chapters|04]]
'''Nehemiah 4''' is the fourth chapter of the [[Book of Nehemiah]] in the [[Old Testament]] of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]], or the 14th chapter of the book of [[Ezra-Nehemiah]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]], which treats the [[book of Ezra]] and book of Nehemiah as one book. Jewish tradition states that [[Ezra]] is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the [[Book of Chronicles]],<ref>[[Babylonian Talmud]] ''Baba Bathra'' 15a, ''apud'' Fensham 1982, p. 2</ref> but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from 5th century BCE (so-called "[[the Chronicler]]") is the final author of these books. This chapter recounts how the Jews had to militarize the wall building due to the constant threat from their enemies.
==Text==
The original text of this chapter is in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew language]]. In English bibles, [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|this chapter is divided into]] 23 verses, but in Hebrew texts 4:1-6 is numbered 3:33-38, and 4:7-23 is numbered 4:1-17.<ref>Note [a] on Nehemiah 4:1 in [[New International Version|NIV]]</ref>
===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]], which includes [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).</ref>}}
There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the [[Septuagint]] version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Sinaiticus]] ('''S'''; [[Biblia Hebraica (Kittel)|BHK]]: <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>S</sup>; 4th century), and [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century).
==Derision (4:1-3)==
When the restoration of the Jerusalem walls was advanced, Sanballat and his allies increased their attack.
===Verse 1===
:''But it came to pass, that when Sanballat heard that we builded the wall, he was wroth, and took great indignation, and mocked the Jews.''<ref> [[King James Version|KJV]] or Hebrew Bible</ref>
==Nehemiah's response to the attack (4:4–6)==
Refusing to engage in a war of words or retaliatory actions, Nehemiah prayed to God, then went to work.
===Verse 6===
:''So built we the wall; and all the wall was joined together unto the half thereof: for the people had a mind to work.''<ref> [[King James Version|KJV]] or Hebrew Bible</ref>
*"All the wall was joined together unto the half thereof": that is, 'the whole continuous line of wall was completed to half the contemplated height'.<ref name=pulpit>Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). [https://ift.tt/2KRmukT On "Nehemiah 4".] In: ''The [[Pulpit Commentary]]''. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.</ref>
==Obstacles (4:7-23)==
[[File:Book of Nehemiah Chapter 4-2 (Bible Illustrations by Sweet Media).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Militarizing the wall building. Illustration of Book of Nehemiah Chapter 4. Biblical illustrations by Jim Padgett]]
[[File:Book of Nehemiah Chapter 4-3 (Bible Illustrations by Sweet Media).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Ready to face the enemies. Illustration of Book of Nehemiah Chapter 4. Biblical illustrations by Jim Padgett]]
With each step forward, Nehemiah faced obstacles to complete the wall, but he persevered with prayer and hard work. In this section he described the plot (verses 7-9), discouragement (verse 10), threats and rumors (11-12) against him, but then he found his resolve (4:13-15) and executed his contigency plans (4:16-23).
===Verses 7–8===
:'' But it came to pass, that when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabians, and the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites, heard that the walls of Jerusalem were made up, and that the breaches began to be stopped, then they were very wroth,''
:'' And conspired all of them together to come and to fight against Jerusalem, and to hinder it.''<ref> [[King James Version|KJV]] or Hebrew Bible</ref>
The Jews were completely encircled by the enemies: the Samaritans (Sanballat) in the north, the Ammonites (Tobiah) in the east, the Arabians (Geshem) in the south, and the Ashdodites in the east.
==See also==
*[[Jerusalem]]
*[[Walls of Jerusalem]]
*Related [[Bible]] parts: [[Nehemiah 2]]
==Notes==
==References==
==Sources==
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*
==Further reading==
*[https://ift.tt/34wpfjf Blenkinsopp, Joseph, "Ezra-Nehemiah: A Commentary" (Eerdmans, 1988)]
*[https://ift.tt/2qh1Kfe Blenkinsopp, Joseph, "Judaism, the first phase" (Eerdmans, 2009)]
*[https://ift.tt/2pF3Jd5 Coggins, R.J., "The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah" (Cambridge University Press, 1976)]
*[https://ift.tt/2WG7c7e Ecker, Ronald L., "Ezra and Nehemiah"], Ecker's Biblical Web Pages, 2007.
*[https://ift.tt/2NAvlIt Fensham, F. Charles, "The books of Ezra and Nehemiah" (Eerdmans, 1982)]
*[https://ift.tt/33ercR8 Grabbe, L.L., "Ezra-Nehemiah" (Routledge, 1998)]
*[https://ift.tt/2NHjUi2 Grabbe, L.L., "A history of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 1" (T&T Clark, 2004)]
*[https://ift.tt/2C5GNqh Throntveit, Mark A., "Ezra-Nehemiah" (John Knox Press, 1992)]
==External links==
* [[Judaism|Jewish]] translations:
** [https://ift.tt/33kI47Z Nechemiah - Nehemiah - Chapter 4 (Judaica Press)] translation [with [[Rashi]]'s commentary] at Chabad.org
* [[Christianity|Christian]] translations:
** [https://ift.tt/2rqADie ''Online Bible'' at GospelHall.org] (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
** [https://ift.tt/2XNT2lp Book of Nehemiah Chapter 4. Bible Gateway]
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<!--[[Category:Nehemiah 4| ]]-->
[[Category:Book of Nehemiah chapters|04]]
November 26, 2019 at 04:06PM
