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Komi alphabets
Modun: Translation from Russian Wikipedia
During its existence, the writing of the [[Komi language]] changed its graphic basis several times and was repeatedly reformed. Currently, Komi writing functions in [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]. In the history of Komi writing there are 5 stages:
* XIV — XVII centuries — [[Old Permic script|Anbur]] — original graphic system;
* XVIII century — 1918 — writing based on the Cyrillic alphabet;
* 1918—1932 and 1936—1938 — the [[Molodtsov alphabet|alphabet]] based on the modified Cyrillic alphabet;
* 1932—1936 — the alphabet on a Latin basis;
* since 1938 — modern script based on the Cyrillic alphabet.
The [[Komi language|Komi-Zyryan]] and [[Komi-Permyak language|Komi-Permyak]] languages almost throughout their [[Recorded history|written history]] (except for the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries) used the same writing.
== Anbur ==
[[File:KomiAnbur.png|right|thumb|250px|Anbur]]
The first writing for the Komi language was compiled by the [[missionary]] [[Stefan of Perm]] around 1372—1375. This writing was created for the needs of the [[Christianity|Christianization]] of the Komi Territory. It is believed that when choosing the type of letters Stefan of Perm was guided by both the [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] and Cyril alphabet, and the traditional Komi tribal characters — . This writing was called ''An-Bur'' (by the name of the first two letters of the alphabet).<ref></ref>
To this day, several icons with inscriptions on the barn have survived (for example, the ), as well as a number of handwritten lines in books. The total volume of preserved coherent texts on the embankment is 236 words.
== Early Cyrillic based writing ==
== Molodtsov's alphabet ==
[[File:Komi Molodtsov' alfabet.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Molodtsov's alphabet from the ABC-book of 1926]]
In 1918, the sphere of use of the Komi language expanded significantly - teaching was introduced in schools, local newspapers began to publish separate articles in the Komi language, etc. Under these conditions, the need arose to create a permanent alphabet and develop spelling norms.<ref name="isaev"></ref>
In May – June 1918, a meeting of teachers was held in [[Ust-Sysolsk]], at which teacher V.A.Molodtsov spoke and acquainted the meeting participants with their draft alphabet for the Komi language. In August of the same year, at a meeting of teachers in [[Ust-Vym]], Molodtsov's alphabet was approved. The lack of necessary fonts did not immediately allow us to begin publishing printed materials in this alphabet, which is why until 1920 a modified Russian alphabet was used, compiled by A.A.Zember.<ref name="isaev" />
Molodtsov's alphabet was based on the Cyrillic alphabet, but had a number of specific letters to indicate soft [[consonant]]s and [[affricate]]s. Since 1921, an active book publishing began on this alphabet. Despite the merits of this alphabet (strict phonemic, economical writing), it also had a number of drawbacks, the main of which was the complexity of the handwriting due to the special form of characters for soft consonants.
== Writing after 1932 ==
[[File:Komi latin alphabet.PNG|thumb|Latinized Komi alphabet<ref group="~">In a number of early publications in the Latin alphabet (1932), instead of [[S̷|S̷ s̷]], the sign [[ʕ|ʕ ſ]] was used, and instead of [[Ӡ|Ӡ ӡ]] - [[Ҙ|Ҙ ҙ]]</ref><ref></ref>]]
Back in 1924, Professor A.N. Gren proposed translating the Komi script on a Latinized basis. According to his design, the alphabet should include the following letters: '''A a, B b, D d, Dj dj, E e, G g, Zs zs, Dzs dzs, I i, J j, K k, L l, Lj lj, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Sj sj, Sch sch, Cs cs, Csj csj, T t, Tj tj, U u, V v, Y y , Z z, Zj zj, Dz dz'''.<ref></ref> At that time, few supported Grena, but at that time an active process of the [[Latinisation in the Soviet Union|Latinization of writing]] began in the [[USSR]], and soon this question was raised again. In 1929, at the Komi Linguistic Conference of Glavnauki, a resolution was adopted on the need to switch to the Latinized alphabet, using the [[Yañalif|experience]] of Latinizing the [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] scripts of the peoples of the USSR. In September 1930, the Bureau of the Komi Regional Committee of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (Bolsheviks)]] formally decided to translate the Komi script into Latin. The alphabet itself was approved in November 1931, after which the [[Office administration|transfer of paperwork]], education and publishing to a new script began. This process was generally completed in 1934.<ref name="isaev" />
The Latin Komi alphabet essentially became a transliteration of the youthful alphabet — it retained strict [[Phoneme|phonemicity]], the designation of soft consonants by adding a "tail" to the letter, and special signs for [[affricate]]s. Thus, both the advantages and disadvantages of the previous letter were preserved.
The change in the political situation in the USSR in the mid-1930s led to the abandonment of the Latinized Komi alphabet — the country began the process of [[cyrillization]]. Regarding the writing of Komi, this resulted in a rejection of the Latin alphabet in 1936. Instead, Molodtsov's alphabet was restored, but in 1938 it was replaced by a new version of the Cyrillic alphabet, much more similar to the Russian script.
For the Komi-Permyak language in May 1937, the [[Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug|district]] alphabetical commission approved the alphabet containing all 33 letters of the Russian alphabet and additional signs '''Җ җ, Ҙ ҙ, I і, Ӧ ӧ, Ӹ ӹ''' (the author of the project is V.I.Yakimov). In July 1937, this version of the alphabet was discussed at the [[Leningrad]] branch of the Institute of Language and Writing, where it underwent some changes — '''Ә ә, Җ җ, Ҙ ҙ, І і, Ӵ ӵ''' became additional signs to the 33 letters of the Russian letter. However, a few days later the Central Institute of Language and Writing in [[Moscow]] recommended replacing the signs '''Җ җ, Ҙ ҙ, Ӵ ӵ''' with [[digraph]]s ''дж, дз, тш''. In the final version of the alphabet, the sign '''Ә ә''' was replaced by ''Ӧ ӧ''.
<div class="NavFrame collapsed">
<div class="NavHead">The project of the Komi-Permyak alphabet of 1937</div>
<div class="NavContent">
The author of the project is A. N. Zubov<ref></ref>: А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ж ж, Ж̓ ж̓, З з, З̓ з̓, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ы ы, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, Ь ь, Ё ё.
</div>
</div>
== Modern alphabet ==
The modern alphabet for the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak languages was introduced in 1938. It contains all the letters of the Russian alphabet, as well as the signs '''Ӧ ӧ''' and '''І і'''. Digraphs '''дж, дз''' and '''тш''' are used to indicate affricates. Sometimes these digraphs are included in the alphabet, sometimes not.
The letter '''І і''' ("hard I i") is used after the letters ''д, з, л, н, с, т'' to denote their hardness (before "ordinary" ''И'' they are [[Palatalization (phonetics)|soft]]). The letter '''Ӧ ӧ''' denotes the non-labialized sound of the middle row of the middle rise. The softness of the consonants is indicated by the [[soft sign]] following them.<ref>[https://ift.tt/2FUaht3 Листовка "Коми алфавит на русской основе. 1938]</ref>
''Modern Komi alphabet'':
{| class=standard cellpadding=5 style="font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 2.5em; text-align: center;"
| style=«width:3em;» | А а
| style=«width:3em;» | Б б
| style=«width:3em;» | В в
| style=«width:3em;» | Г г
| style=«width:3em;» | Д д
| style=«width:3em;» | Е е
| style=«width:3em;» | Ё ё
| style=«width:3em;» | Ж ж
| style=«width:3em;» | З з
|-
| style=«width:3em;» | И и
| style=«width:3em;» | І і
| style=«width:3em;» | Й й
| style=«width:3em;» | К к
| style=«width:3em;» | Л л
| style=«width:3em;» | М м
| style=«width:3em;» | Н н
| style=«width:3em;» | О о
| style=«width:3em;» | Ӧ ӧ
|-
| style=«width:3em;» | П п
| style=«width:3em;» | Р р
| style=«width:3em;» | С с
| style=«width:3em;» | Т т
| style=«width:3em;» | У у
| style=«width:3em;» | Ф ф
| style=«width:3em;» | Х х
| style=«width:3em;» | Ц ц
| style=«width:3em;» | Ч ч
|-
| style=«width:3em;» | Ш ш
| style=«width:3em;» | Щ щ
| style=«width:3em;» | Ъ ъ
| style=«width:3em;» | Ы ы
| style=«width:3em;» | Ь ь
| style=«width:3em;» | Э э
| style=«width:3em;» | Ю ю
| style=«width:3em;» | Я я
|}
The [[Komi-Yazva language]], long considered one of the dialects of the Komi-Permian language, received its original writing only in the early 2000s, when the first primer was published on it. The alphabet of this publication includes all the letters of the Russian alphabet, the specific characters '''Ӧ ӧ, Ө ө, Ӱ ӱ''', as well as digraphs '''дж, дч, тш'''.<ref></ref><ref></ref> The later Russian-Komi-Yazvin dictionary contains an alphabet that has, in addition to the 33 Russian letters '''І і, Ӧ ӧ, Ө ө, Ӱ ӱ'''. Moreover, affricates are indicated by combinations of letters ''дз, дж, тш'' (they are not considered separate letters in this edition) and the letter ''ч''<ref></ref>.
Publications in the of the Komi language use standard Komi writing<ref></ref>.
== Komi Alphabets Comparison Chart ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!Anbur ||Cyrillic<br>of Castren-<br>Savvaitov(<br>19th c.) ||Cyrillic<br>of Szogren<br>(19th c.)|| Molodtsov's<br>alphabet ||Проект<br>алфавита<br>профессора<br>А. Н. Грена || Latin<br>1930—1936 || Cyrrilic<br>since 1938 || [[IPA]]
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur An SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| a || a || a || A a || a || а ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Bur SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| б || б || б || B b || в || б ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Ver SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| в || в || в || V v || v || в ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Gai SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| г || г || г || G g || g || г ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Doi SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| д || д || ԁ || D d || d || д ||
|-
| || дј || д̀|| ԃ || Dj dj || [[file:Latin small letter D with descender.svg|безрамки|12x12px]] || д (мягкое) ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Dzhoi SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| дж || дж || җ || Dzs dzs || з || дж ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Dzita SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| дз || дз || ԇ || Dz dz || ӡ ||дз ||
|-
| || || || је || || je ||е ||
|-
| || || || јо || || jo ||ё ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Zhoi SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| ж || ж || ж || Zs zs || ƶ || ж ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Zata SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| з || з || з || Z z || z || з ||
|-
| || зј || з̀ || ԅ || Zj zj || ⱬ || з (мягкое) ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur I SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| і || і || і|| I i || i || и, і ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur I SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| ј || ј || ј || J j || j || й ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Koke SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| к || к || к || K k || k || к ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Lei SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| л || л || л || L l || l || л ||
|-
| || лј || л̀ || ԉ || Lj lj || [[file:Latin small letter L with descender.svg|безрамки|12x12px]] || л (мягкое) ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Menoe SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| м || м || м || M m || m || м ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Nenoe SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| н || н || н || N n || n || н ||
|-
| || нј || н̀ || ԋ || Nj nj || ꞑ || н (мягкое) ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur O SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| о || о || о || O o || o || o ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur O SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| ӧ || ӧ || ӧ || Ö ö || ә || ӧ ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Peei SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| п || п || п || P p || p || п ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Rei SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| р || р || р || R r || r || р ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Sii SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| с || с || с || S s || s || с ||
|-
| || сј || с̀ || ԍ || Sj sj || [[file:Latin small letter S with descender.svg|безрамки|10x10px]]|| с (мягкое) ||
|-
| [[File:Komi-Anbur Tai SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| т || т || т || T t || t || т ||
|-
| || тј || т̀ || ԏ || Tj tj || [[file:Latin small letter T with descender.svg|безрамки|11x11px]] || т (мягкое) ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Vooi SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| у || у || у || U u || u || у ||
|-
| || || || || F f || f || ф || ,
|-
| || || || || H h || x || х || ,
|-
| || || || || C c || c || ц || ,
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Chery SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| ч || ч || щ || Cs cs || [[file:Latin small letter C with middle tilde.svg|безрамки|8x8px]]|| тш ||
|-
| || чј || ч̀ || ч || Csj csj || [[file:Latin small letter C with descender.svg|безрамки|10x10px]] || ч ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Shooi SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| ш || ш || ш || Sch sch || ꞩ || ш ||
|-
| || || || || || ||ъ ||
|-
| [[File:Komi-Anbur Yer SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| ы || ы || ы || Y y || [[file:Latin small letter I with bowl.svg|безрамки|7x7px]] ||ы ||
|-
| || || || || || || ь ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur E SansSerif.jpg|20px]], [[file:Komi-Anbur Yat SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| е || е || е || E e || е || э ||
|-
| || || || ју || || ju ||ю ||
|-
| || || || ја || || ja ||я ||
|}
== References ==
;Commentary's
;Sources
== Literature ==
*
*
* |издательство=|год =1860|страницы=1—8}}
[[Category:Komi language]]
[[Category:Cyrillic alphabets]]
[[Category:Latin alphabets]]
* XIV — XVII centuries — [[Old Permic script|Anbur]] — original graphic system;
* XVIII century — 1918 — writing based on the Cyrillic alphabet;
* 1918—1932 and 1936—1938 — the [[Molodtsov alphabet|alphabet]] based on the modified Cyrillic alphabet;
* 1932—1936 — the alphabet on a Latin basis;
* since 1938 — modern script based on the Cyrillic alphabet.
The [[Komi language|Komi-Zyryan]] and [[Komi-Permyak language|Komi-Permyak]] languages almost throughout their [[Recorded history|written history]] (except for the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries) used the same writing.
== Anbur ==
[[File:KomiAnbur.png|right|thumb|250px|Anbur]]
The first writing for the Komi language was compiled by the [[missionary]] [[Stefan of Perm]] around 1372—1375. This writing was created for the needs of the [[Christianity|Christianization]] of the Komi Territory. It is believed that when choosing the type of letters Stefan of Perm was guided by both the [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] and Cyril alphabet, and the traditional Komi tribal characters — . This writing was called ''An-Bur'' (by the name of the first two letters of the alphabet).<ref></ref>
To this day, several icons with inscriptions on the barn have survived (for example, the ), as well as a number of handwritten lines in books. The total volume of preserved coherent texts on the embankment is 236 words.
== Early Cyrillic based writing ==
== Molodtsov's alphabet ==
[[File:Komi Molodtsov' alfabet.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Molodtsov's alphabet from the ABC-book of 1926]]
In 1918, the sphere of use of the Komi language expanded significantly - teaching was introduced in schools, local newspapers began to publish separate articles in the Komi language, etc. Under these conditions, the need arose to create a permanent alphabet and develop spelling norms.<ref name="isaev"></ref>
In May – June 1918, a meeting of teachers was held in [[Ust-Sysolsk]], at which teacher V.A.Molodtsov spoke and acquainted the meeting participants with their draft alphabet for the Komi language. In August of the same year, at a meeting of teachers in [[Ust-Vym]], Molodtsov's alphabet was approved. The lack of necessary fonts did not immediately allow us to begin publishing printed materials in this alphabet, which is why until 1920 a modified Russian alphabet was used, compiled by A.A.Zember.<ref name="isaev" />
Molodtsov's alphabet was based on the Cyrillic alphabet, but had a number of specific letters to indicate soft [[consonant]]s and [[affricate]]s. Since 1921, an active book publishing began on this alphabet. Despite the merits of this alphabet (strict phonemic, economical writing), it also had a number of drawbacks, the main of which was the complexity of the handwriting due to the special form of characters for soft consonants.
== Writing after 1932 ==
[[File:Komi latin alphabet.PNG|thumb|Latinized Komi alphabet<ref group="~">In a number of early publications in the Latin alphabet (1932), instead of [[S̷|S̷ s̷]], the sign [[ʕ|ʕ ſ]] was used, and instead of [[Ӡ|Ӡ ӡ]] - [[Ҙ|Ҙ ҙ]]</ref><ref></ref>]]
Back in 1924, Professor A.N. Gren proposed translating the Komi script on a Latinized basis. According to his design, the alphabet should include the following letters: '''A a, B b, D d, Dj dj, E e, G g, Zs zs, Dzs dzs, I i, J j, K k, L l, Lj lj, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Sj sj, Sch sch, Cs cs, Csj csj, T t, Tj tj, U u, V v, Y y , Z z, Zj zj, Dz dz'''.<ref></ref> At that time, few supported Grena, but at that time an active process of the [[Latinisation in the Soviet Union|Latinization of writing]] began in the [[USSR]], and soon this question was raised again. In 1929, at the Komi Linguistic Conference of Glavnauki, a resolution was adopted on the need to switch to the Latinized alphabet, using the [[Yañalif|experience]] of Latinizing the [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] scripts of the peoples of the USSR. In September 1930, the Bureau of the Komi Regional Committee of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (Bolsheviks)]] formally decided to translate the Komi script into Latin. The alphabet itself was approved in November 1931, after which the [[Office administration|transfer of paperwork]], education and publishing to a new script began. This process was generally completed in 1934.<ref name="isaev" />
The Latin Komi alphabet essentially became a transliteration of the youthful alphabet — it retained strict [[Phoneme|phonemicity]], the designation of soft consonants by adding a "tail" to the letter, and special signs for [[affricate]]s. Thus, both the advantages and disadvantages of the previous letter were preserved.
The change in the political situation in the USSR in the mid-1930s led to the abandonment of the Latinized Komi alphabet — the country began the process of [[cyrillization]]. Regarding the writing of Komi, this resulted in a rejection of the Latin alphabet in 1936. Instead, Molodtsov's alphabet was restored, but in 1938 it was replaced by a new version of the Cyrillic alphabet, much more similar to the Russian script.
For the Komi-Permyak language in May 1937, the [[Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug|district]] alphabetical commission approved the alphabet containing all 33 letters of the Russian alphabet and additional signs '''Җ җ, Ҙ ҙ, I і, Ӧ ӧ, Ӹ ӹ''' (the author of the project is V.I.Yakimov). In July 1937, this version of the alphabet was discussed at the [[Leningrad]] branch of the Institute of Language and Writing, where it underwent some changes — '''Ә ә, Җ җ, Ҙ ҙ, І і, Ӵ ӵ''' became additional signs to the 33 letters of the Russian letter. However, a few days later the Central Institute of Language and Writing in [[Moscow]] recommended replacing the signs '''Җ җ, Ҙ ҙ, Ӵ ӵ''' with [[digraph]]s ''дж, дз, тш''. In the final version of the alphabet, the sign '''Ә ә''' was replaced by ''Ӧ ӧ''.
<div class="NavFrame collapsed">
<div class="NavHead">The project of the Komi-Permyak alphabet of 1937</div>
<div class="NavContent">
The author of the project is A. N. Zubov<ref></ref>: А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ж ж, Ж̓ ж̓, З з, З̓ з̓, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ы ы, Э э, Ю ю, Я я, Ь ь, Ё ё.
</div>
</div>
== Modern alphabet ==
The modern alphabet for the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak languages was introduced in 1938. It contains all the letters of the Russian alphabet, as well as the signs '''Ӧ ӧ''' and '''І і'''. Digraphs '''дж, дз''' and '''тш''' are used to indicate affricates. Sometimes these digraphs are included in the alphabet, sometimes not.
The letter '''І і''' ("hard I i") is used after the letters ''д, з, л, н, с, т'' to denote their hardness (before "ordinary" ''И'' they are [[Palatalization (phonetics)|soft]]). The letter '''Ӧ ӧ''' denotes the non-labialized sound of the middle row of the middle rise. The softness of the consonants is indicated by the [[soft sign]] following them.<ref>[https://ift.tt/2FUaht3 Листовка "Коми алфавит на русской основе. 1938]</ref>
''Modern Komi alphabet'':
{| class=standard cellpadding=5 style="font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 2.5em; text-align: center;"
| style=«width:3em;» | А а
| style=«width:3em;» | Б б
| style=«width:3em;» | В в
| style=«width:3em;» | Г г
| style=«width:3em;» | Д д
| style=«width:3em;» | Е е
| style=«width:3em;» | Ё ё
| style=«width:3em;» | Ж ж
| style=«width:3em;» | З з
|-
| style=«width:3em;» | И и
| style=«width:3em;» | І і
| style=«width:3em;» | Й й
| style=«width:3em;» | К к
| style=«width:3em;» | Л л
| style=«width:3em;» | М м
| style=«width:3em;» | Н н
| style=«width:3em;» | О о
| style=«width:3em;» | Ӧ ӧ
|-
| style=«width:3em;» | П п
| style=«width:3em;» | Р р
| style=«width:3em;» | С с
| style=«width:3em;» | Т т
| style=«width:3em;» | У у
| style=«width:3em;» | Ф ф
| style=«width:3em;» | Х х
| style=«width:3em;» | Ц ц
| style=«width:3em;» | Ч ч
|-
| style=«width:3em;» | Ш ш
| style=«width:3em;» | Щ щ
| style=«width:3em;» | Ъ ъ
| style=«width:3em;» | Ы ы
| style=«width:3em;» | Ь ь
| style=«width:3em;» | Э э
| style=«width:3em;» | Ю ю
| style=«width:3em;» | Я я
|}
The [[Komi-Yazva language]], long considered one of the dialects of the Komi-Permian language, received its original writing only in the early 2000s, when the first primer was published on it. The alphabet of this publication includes all the letters of the Russian alphabet, the specific characters '''Ӧ ӧ, Ө ө, Ӱ ӱ''', as well as digraphs '''дж, дч, тш'''.<ref></ref><ref></ref> The later Russian-Komi-Yazvin dictionary contains an alphabet that has, in addition to the 33 Russian letters '''І і, Ӧ ӧ, Ө ө, Ӱ ӱ'''. Moreover, affricates are indicated by combinations of letters ''дз, дж, тш'' (they are not considered separate letters in this edition) and the letter ''ч''<ref></ref>.
Publications in the of the Komi language use standard Komi writing<ref></ref>.
== Komi Alphabets Comparison Chart ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!Anbur ||Cyrillic<br>of Castren-<br>Savvaitov(<br>19th c.) ||Cyrillic<br>of Szogren<br>(19th c.)|| Molodtsov's<br>alphabet ||Проект<br>алфавита<br>профессора<br>А. Н. Грена || Latin<br>1930—1936 || Cyrrilic<br>since 1938 || [[IPA]]
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur An SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| a || a || a || A a || a || а ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Bur SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| б || б || б || B b || в || б ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Ver SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| в || в || в || V v || v || в ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Gai SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| г || г || г || G g || g || г ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Doi SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| д || д || ԁ || D d || d || д ||
|-
| || дј || д̀|| ԃ || Dj dj || [[file:Latin small letter D with descender.svg|безрамки|12x12px]] || д (мягкое) ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Dzhoi SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| дж || дж || җ || Dzs dzs || з || дж ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Dzita SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| дз || дз || ԇ || Dz dz || ӡ ||дз ||
|-
| || || || је || || je ||е ||
|-
| || || || јо || || jo ||ё ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Zhoi SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| ж || ж || ж || Zs zs || ƶ || ж ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Zata SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| з || з || з || Z z || z || з ||
|-
| || зј || з̀ || ԅ || Zj zj || ⱬ || з (мягкое) ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur I SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| і || і || і|| I i || i || и, і ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur I SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| ј || ј || ј || J j || j || й ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Koke SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| к || к || к || K k || k || к ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Lei SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| л || л || л || L l || l || л ||
|-
| || лј || л̀ || ԉ || Lj lj || [[file:Latin small letter L with descender.svg|безрамки|12x12px]] || л (мягкое) ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Menoe SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| м || м || м || M m || m || м ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Nenoe SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| н || н || н || N n || n || н ||
|-
| || нј || н̀ || ԋ || Nj nj || ꞑ || н (мягкое) ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur O SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| о || о || о || O o || o || o ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur O SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| ӧ || ӧ || ӧ || Ö ö || ә || ӧ ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Peei SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| п || п || п || P p || p || п ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Rei SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| р || р || р || R r || r || р ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Sii SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| с || с || с || S s || s || с ||
|-
| || сј || с̀ || ԍ || Sj sj || [[file:Latin small letter S with descender.svg|безрамки|10x10px]]|| с (мягкое) ||
|-
| [[File:Komi-Anbur Tai SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| т || т || т || T t || t || т ||
|-
| || тј || т̀ || ԏ || Tj tj || [[file:Latin small letter T with descender.svg|безрамки|11x11px]] || т (мягкое) ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Vooi SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| у || у || у || U u || u || у ||
|-
| || || || || F f || f || ф || ,
|-
| || || || || H h || x || х || ,
|-
| || || || || C c || c || ц || ,
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Chery SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| ч || ч || щ || Cs cs || [[file:Latin small letter C with middle tilde.svg|безрамки|8x8px]]|| тш ||
|-
| || чј || ч̀ || ч || Csj csj || [[file:Latin small letter C with descender.svg|безрамки|10x10px]] || ч ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur Shooi SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| ш || ш || ш || Sch sch || ꞩ || ш ||
|-
| || || || || || ||ъ ||
|-
| [[File:Komi-Anbur Yer SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| ы || ы || ы || Y y || [[file:Latin small letter I with bowl.svg|безрамки|7x7px]] ||ы ||
|-
| || || || || || || ь ||
|-
| [[file:Komi-Anbur E SansSerif.jpg|20px]], [[file:Komi-Anbur Yat SansSerif.jpg|20px]]|| е || е || е || E e || е || э ||
|-
| || || || ју || || ju ||ю ||
|-
| || || || ја || || ja ||я ||
|}
== References ==
;Commentary's
;Sources
== Literature ==
*
*
* |издательство=|год =1860|страницы=1—8}}
[[Category:Komi language]]
[[Category:Cyrillic alphabets]]
[[Category:Latin alphabets]]
January 15, 2020 at 10:47PM
