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Susanna Appleby
Clio987: Created page for Susanna Appleby
'''Susanna Maria Appleby''' née '''Gilpin''' (1689-1769) (also known as Susannah Maria or Susanna-Maria) was an [[antiquarian]], who is principally known for excavating a a Roman bath house north east of [[Camboglanna]] (Castlesteads Roman Fort) near [[Hadrian's Wall]] in 1741.<ref name=":0"> Historic England|last=England|first=Historic|website=historicengland.org.uk|access-date=2019-06-25}}</ref>
== Life ==
Appleby was born in 1689, as Susanna Maria Gilpin, daughter of William Gilpin (1657-1724) at [[Scaleby Castle]], [[Cumberland]]. Her grandfather was [[Richard Gilpin]], a prominent [[nonconformist]] minister and physician while her father was a minister who became [[Recorder (judge)|Recorder]] of [[Carlisle]] in 1718. Appleby's mother was Mary, daughter of Henry Fletcher of [[Tallentire|Tallantire]], Cumberland. Appleby married Joseph Dacre Appleby and had eight children, three of her sons dying young.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref name=":1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> They lived at Kirklevington Hall in [[Kirklevington]].<ref name=":1" /> Appleby died in 1769.
== Excavations ==
Joseph Dacre Appleby owned the land on which [[Camboglanna]] was situated, and employed men to dig at the site for stone.<ref name=":2">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> After his death, in 1741, Susanna Appleby excavated a [[Thermae|Roman bath house]], in woodland north east of [[Camboglanna]] (Castlesteads Roman Fort).<ref name=":0" /> In [[William Hutchinson (topographer)|William Hutchinson's]] 1794 volume on the history of the county of [[Cumberland]], he publishes a letter written by the antiquarian [[Roger Gale (antiquary)|Roger Gale]] with Appleby's description of the site.<ref name=":1" /> The bath house was discovered in woodland to the north east of the fort, where remains of the [[hypocaust]] system and paved flooring could still be seen in rooms of the bath house.<ref name=":3"></ref> An altar from the site was removed and carried to Appleby's house in 1741.<ref name=":3" /> In the same year, the [[antiquarian]] George Smith (1700-1773) visited the site and drew a plan of the site and inscriptions, later published in [[The Gentleman's Magazine|''The'' ''Gentleman's Magazine'']].<ref name=":2" /> In his letters to ''The Gentleman's Magazine'', Smith described how Appleby had found a clay flooring with pedestals, and commented that:<blockquote>''Mrs Appleby, who deserves to be gratefully remember'd by all Lovers of Antiquity, took great Pains to preserve what she cou'd of those valuable Remains of the Antients.''<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>Appleby's early work and observations at the site of [[Camboglanna]] in the 1740s are significant due to the later destruction of the fort during the construction of Castlesteads house and gardens in 1791.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref> Historic England|last=England|first=Historic|website=historicengland.org.uk|access-date=2019-06-29}}</ref> [[Eric Birley]], in his 1961 work on [[Hadrian's Wall]], described Appleby as 'the earliest female antiquary of whom we have a record in the Wall region.'<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
==References==
[[Category:1689 births]]
[[Category:1769 deaths]]
[[Category:English antiquarians]]
[[category:Women classical scholars]]
June 29, 2019 at 08:01PM
