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John Frank Newton
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'''John Frank Newton''' (1767-1837) was a British [[vegetarianism]] activist and [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]].
==Biography==
Newton was born at [[Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla|St. Christopher]] in the [[West Indies]] in 1767.<ref>Cameron, Kenneth Neill. (1970). ''Shelley and His Circle: 1773 - 1822, Volume 3''. Harvard University Press. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-674-80611-5</ref> Newton was inspired by the [[Plant-based diet|vegetable]] and [[distilled water]] diet of physician [[William Lambe]].<ref name="Vinten-Johansen 2003">Vinten-Johansen, Peter ''et al''. (2003). ''Cholera, Chloroform, and the Science of Medicine: A Life of John Snow''. Oxford University Press. 39-41. ISBN 978-0195135442</ref><ref name="Ruston 2005">Ruston, Sharon. (2005). ''Shelley and Vitality''. Palgrave. pp. 83-89. ISBN 978-1-349-51409-0</ref> Newton was married to Cornelia Collins.<ref name="Ruston 2005"/> In 1811, Newton authored ''Return to Nature: Or a Defence of the Vegetable Regimen''.<ref>Preece, Rod. (2008). ''Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought''. UBC Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-7748-15093</ref> Newton's book was written to popularize the research of William Lambe. He promoted a "regimen of distilled water and vegetable diet." He believed that vegetables are the natural food of man and animal flesh is unhealthy and unnatural.<ref name="Vinten-Johansen 2003"/>
Newton recommended people to utilize distillation apparatus for their water.<ref name="Vinten-Johansen 2003"/> He resided at [[Chester Street]], [[Belgravia]] and argued that the water from the [[River Thames]] was polluted by "animal oil" and "septic matter".<ref name="Vinten-Johansen 2003"/> His diet was [[ovo-lacto vegetarian]] and consisted of [[fruit]]s, vegetables, [[raisin]]s, toasted bread, distilled water, [[egg]]s, [[milk]] and [[potato]]es.<ref name="Vinten-Johansen 2003"/> Twenty-five people were practicing the diet in 1811, including seven from Newton's own household and all reported good health. Newton's book inspired [[John Snow]] to adopt the diet.<ref name="Vinten-Johansen 2003"/>
Newton met [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]] during 1812-1813 and influenced his views on [[vegetarianism]].<ref name="Ruston 2005"/><ref>Hodgart, Patricia. (1985). ''A Preface to Shelley''. Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-582-35369-5</ref> Historian [[Keith Thomas (historian)|Keith Thomas]] has noted that Newton's ''Return to Nature'' "provided much of the basis" for Shelley's book, ''[[A Vindication of Natural Diet]]''.<ref>Thomas, Keith. (1983). ''Man and the Natural World: A History of the Modern Sensibility''. Pantheon Books. p. 296</ref>
Newton wrote a series of articles in ''The Monthly Magazine'' in 1812 which mention vegetarian dieting and the [[zodiac]].<ref name="Cameron 1970">Cameron, Kenneth Neill. (1970). ''Shelley and His Circle: 1773 - 1822, Volume 3''. Harvard University Press. p. 234-244. ISBN 978-0-674-80611-5</ref> Newton was a Zoroastrian and discussed the subject with his friend [[Thomas Love Peacock]], in 1813. However, he did not write about the subject.<ref name="Cameron 1970"/> Historian Stuart Curran has written that Newton's "vegetarianism was both radical in its political implications and extraordinarily learned in its sources. Newton was obviously aware that both Zoroastrian and Indian religion enjoined a vegetable diet, but he grafted to his amalgamation a primitive zodiacal astrology."<ref>Curran, Stuart. (1975). ''Shelley's Annus Mirabilis: The Maturing of an Epic Vision''. Huntington Library Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0873280648</ref>
==See also==
*[[George Nicholson (printer)|George Nicholson]]
==References==
[[Category:1767 births]]
[[Category:1837 deaths]]
[[Category:British food writers]]
[[Category:Vegetarianism activists]]
==Biography==
Newton was born at [[Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla|St. Christopher]] in the [[West Indies]] in 1767.<ref>Cameron, Kenneth Neill. (1970). ''Shelley and His Circle: 1773 - 1822, Volume 3''. Harvard University Press. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-674-80611-5</ref> Newton was inspired by the [[Plant-based diet|vegetable]] and [[distilled water]] diet of physician [[William Lambe]].<ref name="Vinten-Johansen 2003">Vinten-Johansen, Peter ''et al''. (2003). ''Cholera, Chloroform, and the Science of Medicine: A Life of John Snow''. Oxford University Press. 39-41. ISBN 978-0195135442</ref><ref name="Ruston 2005">Ruston, Sharon. (2005). ''Shelley and Vitality''. Palgrave. pp. 83-89. ISBN 978-1-349-51409-0</ref> Newton was married to Cornelia Collins.<ref name="Ruston 2005"/> In 1811, Newton authored ''Return to Nature: Or a Defence of the Vegetable Regimen''.<ref>Preece, Rod. (2008). ''Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought''. UBC Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-7748-15093</ref> Newton's book was written to popularize the research of William Lambe. He promoted a "regimen of distilled water and vegetable diet." He believed that vegetables are the natural food of man and animal flesh is unhealthy and unnatural.<ref name="Vinten-Johansen 2003"/>
Newton recommended people to utilize distillation apparatus for their water.<ref name="Vinten-Johansen 2003"/> He resided at [[Chester Street]], [[Belgravia]] and argued that the water from the [[River Thames]] was polluted by "animal oil" and "septic matter".<ref name="Vinten-Johansen 2003"/> His diet was [[ovo-lacto vegetarian]] and consisted of [[fruit]]s, vegetables, [[raisin]]s, toasted bread, distilled water, [[egg]]s, [[milk]] and [[potato]]es.<ref name="Vinten-Johansen 2003"/> Twenty-five people were practicing the diet in 1811, including seven from Newton's own household and all reported good health. Newton's book inspired [[John Snow]] to adopt the diet.<ref name="Vinten-Johansen 2003"/>
Newton met [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]] during 1812-1813 and influenced his views on [[vegetarianism]].<ref name="Ruston 2005"/><ref>Hodgart, Patricia. (1985). ''A Preface to Shelley''. Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-582-35369-5</ref> Historian [[Keith Thomas (historian)|Keith Thomas]] has noted that Newton's ''Return to Nature'' "provided much of the basis" for Shelley's book, ''[[A Vindication of Natural Diet]]''.<ref>Thomas, Keith. (1983). ''Man and the Natural World: A History of the Modern Sensibility''. Pantheon Books. p. 296</ref>
Newton wrote a series of articles in ''The Monthly Magazine'' in 1812 which mention vegetarian dieting and the [[zodiac]].<ref name="Cameron 1970">Cameron, Kenneth Neill. (1970). ''Shelley and His Circle: 1773 - 1822, Volume 3''. Harvard University Press. p. 234-244. ISBN 978-0-674-80611-5</ref> Newton was a Zoroastrian and discussed the subject with his friend [[Thomas Love Peacock]], in 1813. However, he did not write about the subject.<ref name="Cameron 1970"/> Historian Stuart Curran has written that Newton's "vegetarianism was both radical in its political implications and extraordinarily learned in its sources. Newton was obviously aware that both Zoroastrian and Indian religion enjoined a vegetable diet, but he grafted to his amalgamation a primitive zodiacal astrology."<ref>Curran, Stuart. (1975). ''Shelley's Annus Mirabilis: The Maturing of an Epic Vision''. Huntington Library Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0873280648</ref>
==See also==
*[[George Nicholson (printer)|George Nicholson]]
==References==
[[Category:1767 births]]
[[Category:1837 deaths]]
[[Category:British food writers]]
[[Category:Vegetarianism activists]]
July 30, 2019 at 08:08AM
