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Central-peak craters
Dino:
[[File:Eddie crater.jpg|thumb|right|350px|[[Eddie crater]], a central peak-ring crater on [[Mars (planet)|Mars]]]]
A '''central-peak crater''' has a [[Summit|peak]], in the [[impact crater|crater's]] center.
==Particulars of central-peak craters==
A central peak crater can have a tightly spaced, ring-like arrangement of peaks, thus be a [[Peak ring (crater)|peak ring crater]], though the peak may be single.<ref name="Central Peak Crater"></ref>
[[Complex craters]] are classified into two groups: central-peak and [[peak-ring craters]]. Peak-ring craters have diameters that are larger in than central-peak craters and have a ring of raised [[massif]]s which are roughly half the rim-to-rim diameter, instead of a central peak.<ref name="Science Concept 6: The Moon is an Accessible Laboratory for Studying the Impact Process on Planetary Scales"></ref>
Central-peak craters can occur in [[impact craters]], via [[meteorites]]. An Earthly example is [[Mistastin crater]], in [[Canada]].<ref name="Science Concept 6: The Moon is an Accessible Laboratory for Studying the Impact Process on Planetary Scales"></ref> They also occur due to [[volcanism]], as in [[Valles Caldera]].<ref name="Valles Caldra, Jemez Volcanic Field"></ref>
Many central-peak craters have rims that are scalloped, terraced inner walls, and [[hummocky]] floors.<ref name="Central peak crater"></ref>
==When central peaks form==
[[Craters]] of diameter greater than have more complex forms, which included relatively flat, shallow floors, central peaks, and terraces with slump blocks on the inner wall of the crater rim.<ref name="Mapping The Surface of the Moon"></ref>
If [[lunar craters]] have diameters between about to , the central peak is usually a single peak, or small
group of peaks. Lunar craters of diameter greater than about may have complex, [[Peak ring (crater)|ring-shaped uplifts]]. If impact features exceed of diameter, they are called [[impact basins]], not craters.<ref name="Mapping The Surface of the Moon"/>
[[Lunar crater]]s of to about in diameter possess a central peak.<ref name="Central Peak Crater"/>
There are several theories as to why central peak craters from. Such craters are common, on [[Earth (planet)|Earth]], Earth's [[Earth's moon|moon]], [[Mars (planet)|Mars]], and [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]].<ref name="Central peaks in lunar craters"></ref><ref name="Atlas of Volcanic Landforms on Mars">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
[[File:Tycho LRO.png|thumb|left|350px|[[Tycho (lunar crater)|Tycho]], a central peak-ring crater on Earth's [[moon]]]]
==Heights of central peak craters, relative to crater diameter==
On [[planet Earth|Earth's]] [[earth's moon|moon]], heights of central peaks are directly proportional to diameters of craters, which implies that peak height varies with crater-forming energy.<ref name="Central Peak Crater"/> There is a similar relationship for [[terrestrial meteorite crater|terrestrial meteorite craters]], and [[trinitrotoluene|TNT]] craters whose uplifts originated from rebound. <ref name="Moon: Central peak heights and crater origins"></ref>
==Relationship between peak ring craters and lava==
Correlating peak heights and crater depths gives direct evidence for [[lava]] filling of crater floors.<ref name="Moon: Central peak heights and crater origins"/>
[[File:Barton crater.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Barton (crater)|Barton crater]], a peak-ring crater on Earth's [[moon]], not a central-peak crater]]
==See also==
* [[Complex crater]]
* [[Impact crater]]
* [[Impact structure]]
* [[Multi-ringed basin]]
* [[Peak ring (crater)]]
* [[Somma volcano]]
==References==
==External links and references==
* [https://ift.tt/2nDsUMh Investigating the transition from central peak to peak-ring basins using central feature volume measurements from the Global Lunar DTM 100 m]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2gvlgaxeak A youtube of Tycho's central peak]
* [https://ift.tt/2nEcdQS Ganymede crater dimensions – Implications for central peak and central pit formation and development]
* [https://ift.tt/2nEceUW Spectral analysis of the Cerean geological unit crater ''central peak material'' as an indicator of subsurface mineral composition]
[[Category:Impact craters]]
[[Category:Impact geology]]
October 02, 2019 at 10:24AM
