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Ezra 8
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'''Ezra 8''' is the eighth chapter of the [[Book of Ezra]] in the [[Old Testament]] of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]], or the book of [[Ezra-Nehemiah]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]], which treats the book of Ezra and [[book of Nehemiah]] as one book. Jewish tradition states that [[Ezra]] is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the [[Book of Chronicles]],<ref>[[Babylonian Talmud]] ''Baba Bathra'' 15a, ''apud'' Fensham 1982, p. 2</ref> but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from 5th century BCE (so-called "[[the Chronicler]]") is the final author of these books. The section comprising chapter 7 to 10 mainly describes of activities of [[Ezra]] the scribe and the priest. This chapter follows Ezra's journey to Jerusalem and includes a genealogy of those returning with him (parallel to [[Ezra 2|chapter 2]]).
==Text==
[[Chapters and verses of the Bible|This chapter is divided into]] 36 verses. The original text of this chapter is in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew language]].<ref>Notes [a] on Ezra 7:27 in [[New King James Version|NKJV]]: "The Hebrew language resumes in Ezra 7:27."</ref>
===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]]/Aramaic are of the [[Masoretic Text]], which includes [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).</ref>}}
There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the [[Septuagint]] version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), and [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century).
==The Caravan (8:1-14)==
Large groups of Jews had returned to Jerusalem in past years, but many faithful men and their families still lived in Babylonian territories, some of whom at this time packed their belongings and assembled with Ezra to return to Judea. The list in this part is a parallel to the famous Golah List of [[Ezra 2]] and Nehemiah 7, but notably here is the predominance of priestly associations before any Davidic identification.
===Verse 1===
:''Now these are the chiefs of the households of the fathers and the genealogical register of those who went up with me from Babylon, in the reign of King Artaxerxes:''<ref> [[Modern English Version|MEV]]</ref>
Emboldened by God's involvement ([[Ezra 7|chapter 7]]), Ezra recruited family heads and those registered with them to accompany him to Jerusalem (as noted in Ezra 2, 'Jewish society was organized around men and their extended families').
===verse 2===
:''of the sons of Phinehas, Gershom;''
:''of the sons of Ithamar, Daniel;''
:''of the sons of David, Hattush,''<ref> MEV</ref>
Hattush is a descendant of David (so called "Davidide"), and he would be the fourth generation after Zerubbabel.<ref>See: Blenkinsopp 1988: 162; ''apud'' Smith-Christopher 2007, p. 316</ref> The record of this name 'makes any other date than 458 [BC] difficult'.
==Final preparations (8:15-30)==
Before departing from Babylonia. Ezra enlisted Levites to join his caravan, as well as 'called for a general fast to petition God's protection, and entrusted the money and valuable articles to conse-
crated priests'.
===Verse 22===
:''For I was ashamed to require of the king a band of soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy in the way: because we had spoken unto the king, saying, The hand of our God is upon all them for good that seek him; but his power and his wrath is against all them that forsake him.''<ref> MEV</ref>
In contrast to Nehemiah, who accepted an armed guard, Ezra chose to rely on God's protection (cf. 2 Kings 6:17; Matthew 26:53).
==The journey (8:31-32)==
Completing all the preparations, Ezra and his caravan 'embarked on the journey' from Babylonia to Jerusalem.
==Taking care of business (8:33-36)==
This part records that Ezra meticulously transferred the articles and finances, performed the required rituals of sacrifices, and delivered the edict of the Persian king.
===Verse 35===
:''Also the children of those that had been carried away, which were come out of the captivity, offered burnt offerings unto the God of Israel, twelve bullocks for all Israel, ninety and six rams, seventy and seven lambs, twelve he goats for a sin offering: all this was a burnt offering unto the Lord.''<ref> KJV</ref>
After Ezra's group safely arrived in Jerusalem (verses 31-32), they offered sacrifice (verse 35), not because king Artaxerxes ordered them to do (verse 7:17), nor as an "isolated act of thanksgiving", but because "they were reconstituted as the people of God and therefore ''must'' worship" God.
==See also==
*[[Artaxerxes I]]
*[[Jerusalem]]
*Related [[Bible]] parts:[[Ezra 7]]
==Notes==
==References==
==Sources==
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*
==Further reading==
*[https://ift.tt/34wpfjf Blenkinsopp, Joseph, "Ezra-Nehemiah: A Commentary" (Eerdmans, 1988)]
*[https://ift.tt/2qh1Kfe Blenkinsopp, Joseph, "Judaism, the first phase" (Eerdmans, 2009)]
*[https://ift.tt/2pF3Jd5 Coggins, R.J., "The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah" (Cambridge University Press, 1976)]
*[https://ift.tt/2WG7c7e Ecker, Ronald L., "Ezra and Nehemiah"], Ecker's Biblical Web Pages, 2007.
*[https://ift.tt/2NAvlIt Fensham, F. Charles, "The books of Ezra and Nehemiah" (Eerdmans, 1982)]
*[https://ift.tt/33ercR8 Grabbe, L.L., "Ezra-Nehemiah" (Routledge, 1998)]
*[https://ift.tt/2NHjUi2 Grabbe, L.L., "A history of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 1" (T&T Clark, 2004)]
*[https://ift.tt/2Cb4Rb4 Pakkala, Juha, "Ezra the scribe: the development of Ezra 7–10 and Nehemiah 8" (Walter de Gryter, 2004)]
*[https://ift.tt/2C5GNqh Throntveit, Mark A., "Ezra-Nehemiah" (John Knox Press, 1992)]
==External links==
* [[Judaism|Jewish]] translations:
** [https://ift.tt/2JPDPKO Ezra - Chapter 8 (Judaica Press)] translation [with [[Rashi]]'s commentary] at Chabad.org
* [[Christianity|Christian]] translations:
** [https://ift.tt/2C8hSCj ''Online Bible'' at GospelHall.org] (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
** [https://ift.tt/2rasYoe Book of Ezra Chapter 8. Bible Gateway]
<!--[[Category:Ezra 8| ]]-->
[[Category:Book of Ezra chapters|08]]
'''Ezra 8''' is the eighth chapter of the [[Book of Ezra]] in the [[Old Testament]] of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]], or the book of [[Ezra-Nehemiah]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]], which treats the book of Ezra and [[book of Nehemiah]] as one book. Jewish tradition states that [[Ezra]] is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the [[Book of Chronicles]],<ref>[[Babylonian Talmud]] ''Baba Bathra'' 15a, ''apud'' Fensham 1982, p. 2</ref> but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from 5th century BCE (so-called "[[the Chronicler]]") is the final author of these books. The section comprising chapter 7 to 10 mainly describes of activities of [[Ezra]] the scribe and the priest. This chapter follows Ezra's journey to Jerusalem and includes a genealogy of those returning with him (parallel to [[Ezra 2|chapter 2]]).
==Text==
[[Chapters and verses of the Bible|This chapter is divided into]] 36 verses. The original text of this chapter is in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew language]].<ref>Notes [a] on Ezra 7:27 in [[New King James Version|NKJV]]: "The Hebrew language resumes in Ezra 7:27."</ref>
===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]]/Aramaic are of the [[Masoretic Text]], which includes [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).</ref>}}
There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the [[Septuagint]] version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), and [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century).
==The Caravan (8:1-14)==
Large groups of Jews had returned to Jerusalem in past years, but many faithful men and their families still lived in Babylonian territories, some of whom at this time packed their belongings and assembled with Ezra to return to Judea. The list in this part is a parallel to the famous Golah List of [[Ezra 2]] and Nehemiah 7, but notably here is the predominance of priestly associations before any Davidic identification.
===Verse 1===
:''Now these are the chiefs of the households of the fathers and the genealogical register of those who went up with me from Babylon, in the reign of King Artaxerxes:''<ref> [[Modern English Version|MEV]]</ref>
Emboldened by God's involvement ([[Ezra 7|chapter 7]]), Ezra recruited family heads and those registered with them to accompany him to Jerusalem (as noted in Ezra 2, 'Jewish society was organized around men and their extended families').
===verse 2===
:''of the sons of Phinehas, Gershom;''
:''of the sons of Ithamar, Daniel;''
:''of the sons of David, Hattush,''<ref> MEV</ref>
Hattush is a descendant of David (so called "Davidide"), and he would be the fourth generation after Zerubbabel.<ref>See: Blenkinsopp 1988: 162; ''apud'' Smith-Christopher 2007, p. 316</ref> The record of this name 'makes any other date than 458 [BC] difficult'.
==Final preparations (8:15-30)==
Before departing from Babylonia. Ezra enlisted Levites to join his caravan, as well as 'called for a general fast to petition God's protection, and entrusted the money and valuable articles to conse-
crated priests'.
===Verse 22===
:''For I was ashamed to require of the king a band of soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy in the way: because we had spoken unto the king, saying, The hand of our God is upon all them for good that seek him; but his power and his wrath is against all them that forsake him.''<ref> MEV</ref>
In contrast to Nehemiah, who accepted an armed guard, Ezra chose to rely on God's protection (cf. 2 Kings 6:17; Matthew 26:53).
==The journey (8:31-32)==
Completing all the preparations, Ezra and his caravan 'embarked on the journey' from Babylonia to Jerusalem.
==Taking care of business (8:33-36)==
This part records that Ezra meticulously transferred the articles and finances, performed the required rituals of sacrifices, and delivered the edict of the Persian king.
===Verse 35===
:''Also the children of those that had been carried away, which were come out of the captivity, offered burnt offerings unto the God of Israel, twelve bullocks for all Israel, ninety and six rams, seventy and seven lambs, twelve he goats for a sin offering: all this was a burnt offering unto the Lord.''<ref> KJV</ref>
After Ezra's group safely arrived in Jerusalem (verses 31-32), they offered sacrifice (verse 35), not because king Artaxerxes ordered them to do (verse 7:17), nor as an "isolated act of thanksgiving", but because "they were reconstituted as the people of God and therefore ''must'' worship" God.
==See also==
*[[Artaxerxes I]]
*[[Jerusalem]]
*Related [[Bible]] parts:[[Ezra 7]]
==Notes==
==References==
==Sources==
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
*
==Further reading==
*[https://ift.tt/34wpfjf Blenkinsopp, Joseph, "Ezra-Nehemiah: A Commentary" (Eerdmans, 1988)]
*[https://ift.tt/2qh1Kfe Blenkinsopp, Joseph, "Judaism, the first phase" (Eerdmans, 2009)]
*[https://ift.tt/2pF3Jd5 Coggins, R.J., "The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah" (Cambridge University Press, 1976)]
*[https://ift.tt/2WG7c7e Ecker, Ronald L., "Ezra and Nehemiah"], Ecker's Biblical Web Pages, 2007.
*[https://ift.tt/2NAvlIt Fensham, F. Charles, "The books of Ezra and Nehemiah" (Eerdmans, 1982)]
*[https://ift.tt/33ercR8 Grabbe, L.L., "Ezra-Nehemiah" (Routledge, 1998)]
*[https://ift.tt/2NHjUi2 Grabbe, L.L., "A history of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 1" (T&T Clark, 2004)]
*[https://ift.tt/2Cb4Rb4 Pakkala, Juha, "Ezra the scribe: the development of Ezra 7–10 and Nehemiah 8" (Walter de Gryter, 2004)]
*[https://ift.tt/2C5GNqh Throntveit, Mark A., "Ezra-Nehemiah" (John Knox Press, 1992)]
==External links==
* [[Judaism|Jewish]] translations:
** [https://ift.tt/2JPDPKO Ezra - Chapter 8 (Judaica Press)] translation [with [[Rashi]]'s commentary] at Chabad.org
* [[Christianity|Christian]] translations:
** [https://ift.tt/2C8hSCj ''Online Bible'' at GospelHall.org] (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
** [https://ift.tt/2rasYoe Book of Ezra Chapter 8. Bible Gateway]
<!--[[Category:Ezra 8| ]]-->
[[Category:Book of Ezra chapters|08]]
November 04, 2019 at 02:13PM
