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Europe-Action
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'''Europe-Action''' was a far-right [[Pan-European nationalism|European nationalist]] magazine, launched in January 1963 by [[Dominique Venner]] and active until 1967. The magazine's theories on [[racialism]] and [[European nationalism]] were conducive to the creation of the [[Groupement de recherche et d'études pour la civilisation européenne|GRECE]] and the [[Nouvelle Droite]] in 1968.
== History ==
=== Background: 1958-1962 ===
In his 1962 manifesto ''Pour une critique positive'' ("Towards a positive criticism"), Dominique Venner abandoned the myth of the ''coup de force'' ("power grab") and asserted that a revolution would not be able to happen before the establishment of both an organization and a doctrine. Nationalist movements were, in his views, not ready to take power by legal means in the early 1960s.<ref name=":1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref name=":8">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Venner aimed at removing "old ideas" from nationalism and fascism, such as [[Parliamentary system|anti-parliamentarianism]], [[anti-intellectualism]] or a patriotism reduced to the French nation-state.<ref>Pierre Milza, Fascisme français. Passé et présent, Paris, Flammarion, collection « Champs », 2000 [1987], pp. 132, 339</ref>
=== Political activism: 1963-1967 ===
The magazine, along with the [[Federation of Nationalist Students]],<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":12">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> supported the far-right candidacy of [[Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour]] in the [[1965 French presidential election|1965 presidential election]] through their ''Comités T.V.'' ("Tixier-Vignancour Committees").<ref></ref>
After the electoral demise of Tixier-Vignancour, head members of ''Europe-Action''—among whom [[Dominique Venner]], Jean Mabire and Pierre Bousquet— founded in 1966 the European Rally for Liberty (REL), escorted by young nationalists from the [[Federation of Nationalist Students]].<ref name=":83">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> The REL was only able to run 27 candidates<ref name=":13">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> during the [[1967 French legislative election|1967 legislative election]] and failed at 2.58% of the votes;<ref>François Duprat, Les Mouvements d'extrême-droite depuis 1944, Éditions Albatros, 1972, p. 136.</ref> then ran only one candidate, Édith Gérard, in the [[1968 French legislative election|1968 legislative election]].<ref name=":0"></ref><ref name=":84">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
== Legacy ==
''Europe-action'' theories were the basis of the foundation of the [[Groupement de recherche et d'études pour la civilisation européenne|GRECE]]—whose many members were formerly involved in the magazine—and the [[Nouvelle Droite]] in 1968.<ref name=":8" />
== Views ==
The movement developed two main thesis: a [[racialism]] aiming at the removal of "biological waste",<ref>''Europe-Action'', Jul-Aug 1964, <abbr>p.</abbr> 20.</ref> and a [[pan-European nationalism]] built on a common Western civilization shared by ethnic groups of the "white race".<ref name=":82">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Jeune Nation]]
* [[European Rally for Liberty]]
* [[Groupement de recherche et d'études pour la civilisation européenne|GRECE]]
== References ==
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
[[Category:Neo-fascism]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in France]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in Europe]]
== History ==
=== Background: 1958-1962 ===
In his 1962 manifesto ''Pour une critique positive'' ("Towards a positive criticism"), Dominique Venner abandoned the myth of the ''coup de force'' ("power grab") and asserted that a revolution would not be able to happen before the establishment of both an organization and a doctrine. Nationalist movements were, in his views, not ready to take power by legal means in the early 1960s.<ref name=":1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref name=":8">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Venner aimed at removing "old ideas" from nationalism and fascism, such as [[Parliamentary system|anti-parliamentarianism]], [[anti-intellectualism]] or a patriotism reduced to the French nation-state.<ref>Pierre Milza, Fascisme français. Passé et présent, Paris, Flammarion, collection « Champs », 2000 [1987], pp. 132, 339</ref>
=== Political activism: 1963-1967 ===
The magazine, along with the [[Federation of Nationalist Students]],<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":12">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> supported the far-right candidacy of [[Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour]] in the [[1965 French presidential election|1965 presidential election]] through their ''Comités T.V.'' ("Tixier-Vignancour Committees").<ref></ref>
After the electoral demise of Tixier-Vignancour, head members of ''Europe-Action''—among whom [[Dominique Venner]], Jean Mabire and Pierre Bousquet— founded in 1966 the European Rally for Liberty (REL), escorted by young nationalists from the [[Federation of Nationalist Students]].<ref name=":83">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> The REL was only able to run 27 candidates<ref name=":13">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> during the [[1967 French legislative election|1967 legislative election]] and failed at 2.58% of the votes;<ref>François Duprat, Les Mouvements d'extrême-droite depuis 1944, Éditions Albatros, 1972, p. 136.</ref> then ran only one candidate, Édith Gérard, in the [[1968 French legislative election|1968 legislative election]].<ref name=":0"></ref><ref name=":84">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
== Legacy ==
''Europe-action'' theories were the basis of the foundation of the [[Groupement de recherche et d'études pour la civilisation européenne|GRECE]]—whose many members were formerly involved in the magazine—and the [[Nouvelle Droite]] in 1968.<ref name=":8" />
== Views ==
The movement developed two main thesis: a [[racialism]] aiming at the removal of "biological waste",<ref>''Europe-Action'', Jul-Aug 1964, <abbr>p.</abbr> 20.</ref> and a [[pan-European nationalism]] built on a common Western civilization shared by ethnic groups of the "white race".<ref name=":82">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Jeune Nation]]
* [[European Rally for Liberty]]
* [[Groupement de recherche et d'études pour la civilisation européenne|GRECE]]
== References ==
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
[[Category:Neo-fascism]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in France]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in Europe]]
August 08, 2019 at 09:39PM
